Abstract Biofouling significantly reduces the performance efficiency of membrane bioreactors due to the colonization and accumulation of a matrix of microorganisms. In order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic frequency on biofilm formation and bacterial ecology at different frequencies, four microfiltration membrane modules were subjected at 0, 20, 30 and 40 kHz in pilot-scales. The results of massive parallel sequencing showed that the application of ultrasonic frequency significantly affected the bacterial population in biofouling and modifies the species richness even at low frequency. This research reveals that the application of ultrasonic frequencies avoids the colonization of Acinetobacter genus, which is considered an initial colonizer of biofouling and clogging in the submerged membrane reactor, fact that caused problems in full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The promotion of Gordonia genus was observed during the application of any ultrasounds frequencies (20,30 and 40 Hz). The compositional statistics data exposed the similarity of bacterial communities under medium-high ultrasonic frequency, while those great distances were found in both low and no-ultrasounds frequencies apply. These results suggest that the application of ultrasounds in membrane bioreactor for treating wastewater could be effective in the potential reduction of biofouling formation in order to improve the to improve the useful life of this system with short periods of application of ultrasound.

中文翻译：

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超声波频率对污水处理微滤膜生物反应器生物污垢形成过程中细菌群落结构的影响

摘要 由于微生物基质的定殖和积累，生物污垢显着降低了膜生物反应器的性能效率。为了研究超声波频率在不同频率下对生物膜形成和细菌生态的影响，四个微滤膜模块在中试规模下以 0、20、30 和 40 kHz 进行试验。大规模平行测序结果表明，超声波频率的应用显着影响了生物污垢中的细菌种群，即使在低频下也能改变物种丰富度。这项研究表明，超声波频率的应用避免了不动杆菌属的定植，不动杆菌属被认为是浸没膜反应器中生物污垢和堵塞的初始定植者，事实上，这导致了全面污水处理厂的问题。在应用任何超声波频率（20,30 和 40 Hz）期间观察到 Gordonia 属的促进。成分统计数据揭示了中高超声频率下细菌群落的相似性，而在低超声和无超声频率下都发现了这些距离。这些结果表明，在膜生物反应器中应用超声波处理废水可以有效地减少生物污垢的形成，以提高该系统的使用寿命，从而提高该系统的使用寿命。成分统计数据揭示了中高超声频率下细菌群落的相似性，而在低超声和无超声频率下都发现了这些距离。这些结果表明，在膜生物反应器中应用超声波处理废水可以有效地减少生物污垢的形成，以提高该系统的使用寿命，从而提高该系统的使用寿命。成分统计数据暴露了中高超声频率下细菌群落的相似性，而在低超声和无超声频率下都发现了这些距离。这些结果表明，在膜生物反应器中应用超声波处理废水可以有效地减少生物污垢的形成，以提高该系统的使用寿命，从而提高该系统的使用寿命。