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Simulation and Analysis of a Snow Avalanche Accident in Lower Western Himalaya, India
Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 , DOI: 10.1007/s12524-020-01178-5
Dhiraj Kumar Singh , Varunendra Dutta Mishra , Hemendra Singh Gusain

In Western Himalaya, an average 49 person die every year due to snow avalanche activities and this death rate is very high as compared to other Asian countries. A snow avalanche accident was observed on 5 January 2018 on Chowkibal–Tangdhar (CT) road axis at avalanche site number CT-8 located near Chowkibal village in Kupwara district, union territory Jammu and Kashmir, India. In the present paper, we discuss snow avalanche simulation, the climatic condition, avalanche debris height and length, and suggested solutions to handle avalanche situations. Rapid Mass MovementS numerical model in combination with digital elevation model and potential release area has been used to simulate avalanche accident occurred on 5 January 2018 at CT-8. The analysis demonstrates maximum snow avalanche velocity, impact of pressure and height of flow to be ~ 25 ms−1, ~ 9.39 × 104 kgm−1 s−2, and ~ 3.0 m respectively on 5 January 2018 at CT-8. Further simulated avalanche debris height and length form road has been validated with ground observed data. Ground reconnaissance of the location was conducted by a team of Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh and it has been observed that lack of ‘avalanche awareness and Standard Operating Procedures during movement in avalanche prone areas’ among the travellers on the road cause accident . The present paper seems to be first to investigate snow avalanche accident in Western Himalaya and recommend that proper campaigning of avalanche awareness among the people residing in avalanche prone areas of Himalaya could reduce such accidents significantly.

中文翻译:

印度喜马拉雅下西部一次雪崩事故模拟与分析

在喜马拉雅西部,平均每年有 49 人因雪崩活动而死亡,与其他亚洲国家相比,这一死亡率非常高。2018 年 1 月 5 日,在位于印度查谟和克什米尔联合领土库普瓦拉区 Chowkibal 村附近的雪崩地点 CT-8 的 Chowkibal-Tangdhar (CT) 公路轴线上观察到雪崩事故。在本文中,我们讨论了雪崩模拟、气候条件、雪崩碎片的高度和长度,以及处理雪崩情况的建议解决方案。Rapid Mass MovementS 数值模型结合数字高程模型和潜在释放区已用于模拟 2018 年 1 月 5 日在 CT-8 发生的雪崩事故。分析表明最大雪崩速度、压力的影响和流动高度为 ~ 25 ms-1,~ 9.39 × 104 kgm−1 s−2 和 ~ 3.0 m 分别于 2018 年 1 月 5 日在 CT-8。进一步模拟的雪崩碎片高度和长度形成道路已经用地面观测数据进行了验证。该地点的地面侦察是由昌迪加尔雪和雪崩研究机构的一个团队进行的,并且已经观察到道路上的旅行者缺乏“在雪崩易发地区移动期间的雪崩意识和标准操作程序”导致事故。本文似乎是第一个调查喜马拉雅西部雪崩事故的论文,并建议在喜马拉雅雪崩易发地区适当开展雪崩意识活动,可以显着减少此类事故。进一步模拟的雪崩碎片高度和长度形成道路已经用地面观测数据进行了验证。该地点的地面侦察是由昌迪加尔雪和雪崩研究机构的一个团队进行的,并且已经观察到道路上的旅行者缺乏“在雪崩易发地区移动期间的雪崩意识和标准操作程序”导致事故。本文似乎是第一个调查喜马拉雅西部雪崩事故的论文,并建议在喜马拉雅雪崩易发地区适当开展雪崩意识活动,可以显着减少此类事故。进一步模拟的雪崩碎片高度和长度形成道路已经用地面观测数据进行了验证。该地点的地面侦察是由昌迪加尔雪和雪崩研究机构的一个团队进行的,并且已经观察到道路上的旅行者缺乏“在雪崩易发地区移动期间的雪崩意识和标准操作程序”导致事故。本文似乎是第一个调查喜马拉雅西部雪崩事故的论文,并建议在喜马拉雅雪崩易发地区适当开展雪崩意识活动,可以显着减少此类事故。昌迪加尔和已经观察到,道路上的旅行者缺乏“在雪崩易发地区移动期间的雪崩意识和标准操作程序”会导致事故。本文似乎是第一个调查喜马拉雅西部雪崩事故的论文,并建议在喜马拉雅雪崩易发地区适当开展雪崩意识活动,可以显着减少此类事故。昌迪加尔和已经观察到,道路上的旅行者缺乏“雪崩易发地区移动期间的雪崩意识和标准操作程序”会导致事故。本文似乎是第一个调查喜马拉雅西部雪崩事故的论文,并建议在喜马拉雅雪崩易发地区适当开展雪崩意识活动,可以显着减少此类事故。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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