Purpose

Paraquat is an effective, non-selective, and fast-acting contact herbicide that is widely used. Its high solubility in water and adsorption in soil can easily poison the non-target organs. In this study, paraquat nano-hydrogels was synthesized using chitosan,

Methods

Sodium tripolyphosphate and xanthan via iononic gellification method. After preparation the loaded paraquat formulations, to verify the morphology and analysis the functional groups on the formulation, SEM and FTIR analysis were used, respectively. In this work, stability of the formulation was measured in terms of size distribution, surface charge, and pH values. To determine the release kinetics, a dialysis bag was used. In addition, herbicidal activity of the prepared formulation was tested on corn bushes and wild mustard.

Results

From the analysis, FT-IR spectra confirmed the hydrogel formation, and SEM images showed a dense structure in the synthesized hydrogel. According to the results of size distribution, surface charge, dispersion index and pH, it was proved that the prepared hydrogel was stable. The optimal values of chitosan, SPP, xanthan, and PQ were 0.3, 0.1, 0.15, and 20 mg, respectively. Based on the peppas equation, about 89.82% of the paraquat was released from the formulation with a paraquat loading of 89.1 ± 4.6%.

Conclusions

The effect of loaded paraquat formulations on mustard and corn plants showed that the herbicidal properties of the encapsulated paraquat were preserved. This study reveal that the loaded paraquat L-PQ is a stable formulation with less toxicity effects.

中文翻译：

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负载百草枯-聚合壳聚糖/黄原胶/三聚磷酸盐纳米胶囊的制备、表征及控释评价

目的

百草枯是一种有效的、非选择性的、速效的接触性除草剂，被广泛使用。其在水中的高溶解度和在土壤中的吸附性很容易毒害非靶器官。在这项研究中，百草枯纳米水凝胶是使用壳聚糖合成的，

方法

离子凝胶化法制备三聚磷酸钠和黄原胶。在制备加载的百草枯制剂后，为了验证形态和分析制剂上的官能团，分别使用 SEM 和 FTIR 分析。在这项工作中，根据尺寸分布、表面电荷和 pH 值测量了配方的稳定性。为了确定释放动力学，使用了透析袋。此外，在玉米灌木和野芥菜上测试了制备的制剂的除草活性。

结果

通过分析，FT-IR 光谱证实了水凝胶的形成，SEM 图像显示合成的水凝胶中结构致密。根据粒径分布、表面电荷、分散指数和pH值的结果，证明制备的水凝胶是稳定的。壳聚糖、SPP、黄原胶和 PQ 的最佳值分别为 0.3、0.1、0.15 和 20 mg。根据 peppas 方程，约 89.82% 的百草枯从配方中释放出来，百草枯负载量为 89.1 ± 4.6%。

结论

负载百草枯制剂对芥菜和玉米植物的影响表明，包封百草枯的除草特性得以保留。该研究表明，负载百草枯 L-PQ 是一种毒性作用较小的稳定制剂。