Guenons (tribe Cercopithecini) are the most widely distributed non-human primate in the tropical forest belt of Africa and show considerable phenotypic, taxonomic, and ecological diversity. However, genomic information for most species within this group is still lacking. Here, we present a high-quality de novo genome (total 2.90 Gb, contig N50 equal to 22.7 Mb) of the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona), together with genome resequencing data of 13 individuals sampled across Nigeria. Our results showed differentiation between populations from East and West of the Niger River ∼84 thousands years ago and potential ancient introgression in the East population from other mona group species. The PTPRK, FRAS1, BNC2, and EDN3 genes related to pigmentation displayed signals of introgression in the East population. Genomic scans suggest that immunity genes such as AKT3 and IL13 (possibly involved in simian immunodeficiency virus defense), and G6PD, a gene involved in malaria resistance, are under positive natural selection. Our study gives insights into differentiation, natural selection and introgression in guenons.

中文翻译：

---

群体基因组学揭示非洲蒙娜猴 (Cercopithecus mona) 的早期物种形成、基因渗入和适应

Guenons（Cercopithecini部落）是非洲热带森林带中分布最广泛的非人类灵长类动物，表现出相当大的表型、分类和生态多样性。然而，该组中大多数物种的基因组信息仍然缺乏。在这里，我们展示了蒙娜猴 ( Cercopithecus mona ) 的高质量de novo基因组（总 2.90 Gb，重叠群 N50 等于 22.7 Mb） ，以及尼日利亚各地采样的 13 个个体的基因组重测序数据。我们的结果显示了约 8.4 万年前尼日尔河东部和西部种群之间的差异，以及东部种群中其他莫纳族物种的潜在古代渗入。与色素沉着相关的 PTPRK、FRAS1 、 BNC2和EDN3基因在东部人群中显示渐渗信号。基因组扫描表明，AKT3和IL13（可能参与猿猴免疫缺陷病毒防御）等免疫基因，以及参与疟疾抵抗的基因G6PD都处于积极的自然选择之下。我们的研究深入了解了长尾猴的分化、自然选择和基因渗入。