Substantial progress has recently been made in the general understanding of the interfacial CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) in electro- and photocatalysis, but the influence of the local chemical environment and its effects on the catalytic interface at the molecular level remains largely elusive. Here, we introduce a classification scheme to group different aspects influencing the interfacial CO₂RR thermodynamics and kinetics. This categorization allows a systematic survey of the literature focusing on the local chemical environment encompassing surface effects (adsorbates, support), solution interactions (electrolyte constituents) and three-dimensional chemical surroundings (polymers, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs)). The review concludes with an outlook discussing possible future concepts for next-generation electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO₂RR.

最近人们对电催化和光催化中的界面CO ₂还原反应（CO ₂ RR）有了大致的了解，但是局部化学环境的影响及其在分子水平上对催化界面的影响仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们介绍一种分类方案，将影响界面CO _2的不同方面分组RR热力学和动力学。通过这种分类，可以对文献进行系统的调查，重点关注局部化学环境，包括表面效应（吸附剂，载体），溶液相互作用（电解质成分）和三维化学环境（聚合物，金属有机骨架（MOF），共价有机骨架（ COFs））。回顾总结了讨论下一代电催化和光催化CO ₂ RR可能的未来概念的前景。