The spread of the Industry 4.0 paradigm introduced an increasing number of technological innovations into companies to improve logistics processes. During a transition to Logistics 4.0, it is necessary to consider all the issues that affect logistics, among which human factors (HF) are considered to be the most important. On the basis of the existing scientific literature, this article aimed to identify the relationships between 4.0 technologies implementation and HF concerning the evolution of human activities towards different hypothetical future scenarios (i.e., no changes, work replaced, or work assisted), analysing in detail the HF affected by 4.0 technologies. These relationships, which were summarised in a matrix, were also tested through a single longitudinal case study. The research showed that technology tends to replace logistics operators, not only for dangerous physical tasks but also for cognitive tasks that are stressful and repetitive. Moreover, for some tasks in which many different HF are involved, the evolution is towards operator assistance, rather than replacement.

中文翻译：

---

人为因素如何影响物流 4.0 中操作员的任务演变

工业 4.0 范式的传播为公司引入了越来越多的技术创新，以改善物流流程。在向物流4.0过渡的过程中，需要考虑影响物流的所有问题，其中人为因素（HF）被认为是最重要的。在现有科学文献的基础上，本文旨在确定 4.0 技术实施与 HF 之间的关系，涉及人类活动向不同假设的未来情景（即没有变化、工作被替换或工作辅助）的演变，详细分析HF 受 4.0 技术影响。这些关系汇总在一个矩阵中，也通过一个纵向案例研究进行了测试。研究表明，技术往往会取代物流操作员，不仅用于危险的体力任务，而且还用于压力和重复的认知任务。此外，对于涉及许多不同 HF 的某些任务，演进方向是操作员协助，而不是替代。