Biotechnological fermentation is a well‐established process, however, it is far from being fully understood and exploited. A new area of fermentation technology that has evolved over the recent decades is gas fermentation. Many microorganisms have been reported in literature to be capable of utilizing a variety of gases such as CO, CO₂, H₂, and CH₄ under anaerobic or aerobic conditions as their main carbon and/or energy source. Mostly waste stream gases from industrial plants or those that can be produced via the gasification of solids are investigated. This review focuses on the currently available scientific knowledge about gas fermentation processes, particularly anaerobic syngas fermentation and aerobic methane fermentation. Gas fermentation processes are compared with aerobic and anaerobic fermentation processes based on dissolved solid substrates. Also, the potential of gas fermentation when integrated into a biotechnological network of processes is outlined.

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气体发酵扩大了材料转化工艺网络的范围

生物技术发酵是一个成熟的过程，但是，远没有被完全理解和利用。气体发酵是近几十年来发展起来的发酵技术的一个新领域。据文献报道，许多微生物能够利用多种气体，例如CO，CO ₂，H ₂和CH _4。在厌氧或好氧条件下作为其主要碳和/或能源。通常，对来自工厂或可通过固体气化产生的废气进行研究。这篇评论的重点是关于气体发酵过程的当前可用的科学知识，特别是厌氧合成气发酵和好氧甲烷发酵。将气体发酵过程与基于溶解的固体底物的好氧和厌氧发酵过程进行了比较。此外，还概述了将气体发酵整合到过程的生物技术网络中后的潜力。