Novel poly(vinyl alcohol)/chondroitin sulfate (PVA/CS) composite hydrogels containing hydroxyapatite (HA) or Sr‐doped HA (HASr) particles were synthesized by a freeze/thaw method and characterized aiming towards biomedical applications. HA and HASr were synthesized by a wet‐precipitation method and added to the composite hydrogels in fractions up to 15 wt%. Physical–chemical characterizations of particles and hydrogels included scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, porosity, compressive strength/elastic modulus, swelling degree, and cell viability. Particles were irregular in shape and appeared to have narrow size variation. The thermal behavior of composite hydrogels was altered compared to the control (bare) hydrogel. All hydrogels exhibited high porosity. HA/HASr particles reduced total porosity without reducing pore size. The mechanical strength was improved as the fraction of HA or HASr was increased. HASr particles led to a faster water uptake but did not interfere with the total hydrogel swelling capacity. In cell viability essay, increased cell growth (above 120%) was observed in all groups including the control hydrogel, suggesting a bioactive effect. In conclusion, PVA/CS hydrogels containing HA or HASr particles were successfully synthesized and showed promising morphological, mechanical, and swelling properties, which are particularly required for scaffolding.

中文翻译：

---

含有锶掺杂羟基磷灰石的聚（乙烯醇）/硫酸软骨素复合水凝胶作为有前景的生物材料的合成与表征

通过冻融法合成了含有羟基磷灰石 (HA) 或 Sr 掺杂的 HA (HASr) 颗粒的新型聚乙烯醇/硫酸软骨素 (PVA/CS) 复合水凝胶，并针对生物医学应用进行了表征。HA 和 HASr 通过湿法沉淀法合成，并以高达 15 wt% 的比例添加到复合水凝胶中。颗粒和水凝胶的物理化学表征包括扫描电子显微镜、能量色散光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、热重分析、孔隙率、抗压强度/弹性模量、溶胀度和细胞活力。颗粒形状不规则，似乎具有狭窄的尺寸变化。与对照（裸）水凝胶相比，复合水凝胶的热行为发生了变化。所有水凝胶都表现出高孔隙率。HA/HASr 颗粒在不减小孔径的情况下降低了总孔隙率。机械强度随着 HA 或 HASr 比例的增加而提高。HASr 颗粒导致更快的水吸收，但不干扰水凝胶的总溶胀能力。在细胞活力论文中，在包括对照水凝胶在内的所有组中都观察到细胞生长增加（超过 120%），表明具有生物活性作用。总之，成功合成了含有 HA 或 HASr 颗粒的 PVA/CS 水凝胶，并显示出良好的形态、机械和溶胀性能，这是脚手架特别需要的。HASr 颗粒导致更快的水吸收，但不干扰水凝胶的总溶胀能力。在细胞活力论文中，在包括对照水凝胶在内的所有组中都观察到细胞生长增加（超过 120%），表明具有生物活性作用。总之，成功合成了含有 HA 或 HASr 颗粒的 PVA/CS 水凝胶，并显示出良好的形态、机械和溶胀性能，这是脚手架特别需要的。HASr 颗粒导致更快的水吸收，但不干扰水凝胶的总溶胀能力。在细胞活力论文中，在包括对照水凝胶在内的所有组中都观察到细胞生长增加（超过 120%），表明具有生物活性作用。总之，成功合成了含有 HA 或 HASr 颗粒的 PVA/CS 水凝胶，并显示出良好的形态、机械和溶胀性能，这是脚手架特别需要的。