Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor made from synthetic polymers and designed to mimic the recognition properties of natural biological affinity molecules. MIPs incorporate binding motifs complementary to target organic molecule shape and functional groups in order to mimic the complex binding surfaces of natural macromolecules. This confers selectivity and specificity, with the added advantage of artificial MIP polymer stability and ready adaptability to the fabrication and creation of miniaturised affinity interfaces for electrochemical sensing and extra‐laboratory testing. Their generic capability as robust sorbent phases for drug extraction and concentration allows for targeted, interfacial interrogation by the active electrochemical surface. A wide range of electrochemical sensing strategies has also been advanced in recent years, which is covered by this review. The review covers MIP functional principles, examples of MIP preparative routes and final assay outcomes for the measurement of small molecule drugs of biomedical, and also of potential environmental relevance. Some small molecules as examples of toxin and contaminant measurement are also given. A historic background to MIP development is provided, but the review mainly focuses on electrochemical sensor advances in the last five years.

中文翻译：

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小分子分析的分子印迹聚合物修饰电化学传感器：实际应用进展

分子印迹聚合物（MIP）是由合成聚合物量身定制的，旨在模仿天然生物亲和分子的识别特性。MIP结合了与目标有机分子形状和官能团互补的结合基序，以模拟天然大分子的复杂结合表面。这赋予了选择性和特异性，并具有人工MIP聚合物稳定性的额外优势，并且易于适应于制造和创建用于电化学传感和实验室外测试的小型亲和力界面。它们作为药物提取和浓缩的稳健吸附剂相的通用功能，可通过活性电化学表面进行有针对性的界面询问。近年来，各种各样的电化学传感策略也得到了发展，该评论涵盖了该内容。这篇综述涵盖了MIP的功能原理，MIP制备路线的示例以及用于测量生物医学小分子药物的最终测定结果，以及潜在的环境相关性。还给出了一些小分子作为毒素和污染物测量的例子。提供了MIP发展的历史背景，但本文的回顾主要集中在最近五年中电化学传感器的发展。