Abstract Cobalt-chromium alloys are used in reciprocated sliding wear applications where the mated surfaces cannot be lubricated, due to their excellent frictional properties and ability to resist seizure. However, various health risks due to cobalt wear particle generation motivate the replacement of cobalt-based systems. It is suggested that a numerical model of reciprocated dry sliding wear for cobalt-chromium alloys would aid in the development of cobalt-free alternatives to remove any health risks. Therefore, this work focuses on building a mechanistic, i.e. determined purely through physical terms, numerical degredation model of dry reciprocated sliding wear for a specific cobalt-chromium alloy, informed by the experimental literature, to gain an understanding of cobalt wear-rates in response to the tribological loading conditions. A multi-scale method is employed, where the wear is determined by a microscale model of wear, which simulates wear after the material is brought up to a critical strain to failure and material rupture occurs, and the microscale wear-rates are homogenised to the macroscale by use of a statistic model of rough contact. This improves over previous methods by allowing one to observe how material wear-rates are controlled by changes in the elasto-plastic material parameters and geometry of an engineering component. The current numerical model predicts the correct scale of wear, in the range of 1 × 10 − 14 m3/Nm or 1 × 10 − 5 mm3/Nm, typical for the chosen alloy under dry sliding conditions and is validated against experimental data. The model allows for further development, such as the incorporation of frictional heating, microscale heterogeneity, or the evolution of surface roughness parameters during wear.

中文翻译：

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棘轮磨损钴铬合金滑动磨损多尺度有限元模型

摘要 钴铬合金由于其优异的摩擦性能和抗咬合能力，被用于往复滑动磨损应用中，其中配合表面无法润滑。然而，由于钴磨损颗粒的产生导致的各种健康风险促使人们更换钴基系统。有人建议，钴铬合金往复干滑动磨损的数值模型将有助于开发无钴替代品，以消除任何健康风险。因此，这项工作的重点是建立一个机制，即纯粹通过物理术语确定的特定钴铬合金干往复滑动磨损的数值退化模型，由实验文献提供信息，以了解钴磨损率响应到摩擦学载荷条件。采用多尺度方法，其中磨损由磨损的微尺度模型确定，该模型模拟材料达到失效的临界应变并发生材料破裂后的磨损，并且微尺度磨损率均匀化为通过使用粗糙接触的统计模型进行宏观测量。通过允许观察材料磨损率如何通过工程部件的弹塑性材料参数和几何形状的变化来控制，这比以前的方法有所改进。当前的数值模型预测了正确的磨损范围，范围为 1 × 10 − 14 m3/Nm 或 1 × 10 − 5 mm3/Nm，这是所选合金在干滑动条件下的典型值，并根据实验数据进行了验证。该模型允许进一步发展，例如结合摩擦加热、微尺度异质性、