Abstract The advanced cooling methods of photovoltaic and concentrated photovoltaic modules are evaluated in this study to identify the most appropriate methods for each in terms of environmental conditions and performance. Another goal of present study is to identify the engaged countries with this aspect and the most effort in this field. Long term increasing the temperature of the photovoltaic modules, reduces their efficiency and reliability. However, the temperature of concentrated photovoltaic modules is substantially higher, which is negative point for to concentrated photovoltaic life and its performance. Diverse heat control technologies have been developed and used to decrease the damaging effects of temperature rise on the photovoltaic and concentrated photovoltaic solar modules. In this matter applying nanotechnology can be a great facilitator that has been discussed in present article. The potential of the discarded thermal energy of the modules, can be considered as a hybrid solar system. It is clear that utilizing the produced heat, also increases the general performance of the hybrid solar system. In this research, cooling techniques of photovoltaic and concentrated photovoltaic modules in two common approaches and a new specific approach were reviewed and classified based on several research articles, focus of studies, host countries of research work, technology type used, thermal aspects, cooling effect and electrical efficiency enhancement. These cooling approaches are active, passive, and combined methods. Discussion and explanation of the results is based on the positive points, negative points, and innovations of each cooling method in its category (photovoltaic or concentrated photovoltaic).

中文翻译：

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光伏和聚光光伏组件的渐进式冷却技术：基本原理、热方面、纳米技术利用和提高性能的回顾

摘要 本研究评估了光伏和聚光光伏组件的先进冷却方法，以根据环境条件和性能确定最合适的方法。本研究的另一个目标是确定在这方面参与最多的国家以及在该领域做出最大努力的国家。长期增加光伏模块的温度会降低其效率和可靠性。然而，聚光光伏组件的温度要高得多，这对聚光光伏的寿命和性能是不利的。已经开发并使用了多种热控制技术来减少温升对光伏和聚光光伏太阳能组件的破坏性影响。在这个问题上，应用纳米技术可以成为本文中讨论的一个很好的促进因素。模块丢弃的热能的潜力，可以被认为是一个混合太阳能系统。很明显，利用产生的热量也提高了混合太阳能系统的总体性能。在本研究中，基于多篇研究文章、研究重点、研究工作的东道国、所使用的技术类型、热方面、冷却效果，对两种常见方法和一种新的特定方法的光伏和聚光光伏组件的冷却技术进行了回顾和分类。和提高电气效率。这些冷却方法是主动、被动和组合方法。结果的讨论和解释是基于积极的观点，消极的观点，