Background

Previous experimental and occupational health studies have shown the toxic effects of relatively high-level cadmium and lead on lipid metabolism. However, limited studies investigated the relationships between serum lipid levels and exposure to low-level lead and cadmium in adults.

Objective

To investigate the associations between lead and cadmium levels in blood and dyslipidemia in adults.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study of 7,457 adults aged 20–79 years who were recruited in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005–2016) was conducted. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the associations of blood lead and cadmium levels with serum lipid profiles and risk of dyslipidemia, respectively.

Results

The weighted geometric means [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of lead and cadmium in blood were 1.23 (1.21, 1.25) μg/dL and 0.36 (0.35, 0.37) μg/L, respectively. Blood lead was significantly associated with serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels after adjusting for covariates. Compared with the adults in the lowest blood lead quartile (≤0.76 μg/dL), those in the highest lead quartile (>1.90 μg/dL) had higher risks of elevated TC (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.59–2.22), non-HDL-C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.33–1.91), LDL-C (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.41–1.99) and Apo B (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.46–2.73). However, the single effect of cadmium exposure and the joint effect of lead and cadmium exposures on dyslipidemia were not observed.

Conclusion

Blood lead well below the current recommended level was positively associated with the risk of dyslipidemia in adults, while the low-level cadmium exposure currently observed in adults did not show any significant associations with lipid levels.

中文翻译：

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成人低水平环境铅和镉暴露和血脂异常：来自 NHANES 2005-2016 的结果

背景

以前的实验和职业健康研究表明，相对高水平的镉和铅对脂质代谢有毒性作用。然而，有限的研究调查了成人血清脂质水平与暴露于低水平铅和镉之间的关系。

客观的

调查血液中铅和镉水平与成人血脂异常之间的关联。

方法

对 7,457 名年龄在 20-79 岁的成年人进行了一项回顾性横断面研究，这些成年人在国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES，2005-2016 年）中被招募。多元线性回归和逻辑回归分别用于检查血铅和镉水平与血脂谱和血脂异常风险的关联。

结果

血液中铅和镉的加权几何平均值 [95% 置信区间 (CI)] 分别为 1.23 (1.21, 1.25) μg/dL 和 0.36 (0.35, 0.37) μg/L。血铅与血清总​​胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (non-HDL-C) 和载脂蛋白 B (Apo B) 水平显着相关。协变量。与处于最低血铅四分位数（≤0.76 μg/dL）的成年人相比，处于最高铅四分位数（>1.90 μg/dL）的成年人有更高的 TC 升高风险（OR = 1.88，95% CI：1.59–2.22） 、非 HDL-C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.33–1.91)、LDL-C (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.41–1.99) 和 Apo B (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.46– 2.73)。然而，没有观察到镉暴露的单一效应和铅和镉暴露对血脂异常的联合效应。

结论

远低于当前推荐水平的血铅与成人血脂异常的风险呈正相关，而目前在成人中观察到的低水平镉暴露与血脂水平没有任何显着关联。