Nanoscale materials are of a foremost desirability in functionalized materials research in almost all areas of science. Nanoscale materials with good biocompatibility and chemical stability possess biomedical usages which comprises drug carrier, cell/DNA parting, wastewater cleaning etc. Hence, magnesium-doped ZnO (Mg@ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by combustion route. Crystallization of Mg@ZnO NPs was investigated using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The particle sizes were in the range of 50–130 nm and 17.5–52.5 nm for x = 1 wt% and 4 wt% in Mg_xZn_1-xO samples, respectively. The Zn²⁺ substitution by Mg²⁺ in ZnO increased oxygen vacancies and reduced free electrons concentration. The concentrations of dopant dependent optical band gaps were calculated using diffuse reflectance and found in the range of 3.258–3.278 eV. Antibacterial study of Mg@ZnO NPs was conducted against the Gram- + ve and Gram – ve bacteria and results revealed enrichment in antibacterial activity of Mg@ZnO NPs against all types of bacteria. In vivo test revealed that all Mg@ZnO NPs have no cytotoxic effects on liver and kidneys. Furthermore, photocatalytic activity was performed towards hazardous methylene green dye degradation under UV light irradiation. The presence of Mg in ZnO lattice remarkably improved its photocatalytic performance and the photocatalytic activity of Mg@ZnO ranged from 1.8 to 5.4 times higher than the activity of neat ZnO under the same reaction conditions.

Graphic abstract

Facile synthesis of Mg@ZnO NPs was achieved successfully through flash combustion process and the prepared NPs were exploited for optical, biological and environmental applications. Enhancement of antibacterial, cytotoxicity and photocatalysis activity was observed in ZnO with Mg content doping. The outcomes present the Mg@ZnO NPs as an efficient material for opto-bio-environmental applications.

中文翻译：

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通过便捷的一步燃烧路线合成的新型Mg @ ZnO纳米颗粒，具有抗微生物，细胞毒性和光催化作用

在几乎所有科学领域的功能化材料研究中，纳米材料都是最重要的。具有良好生物相容性和化学稳定性的纳米级材料具有生物医学用途，包括药物载体，细胞/ DNA分离，废水净化等。因此，通过燃烧途径制备了掺镁的ZnO（Mg @ ZnO）纳米颗粒（NPs）。使用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜研究了Mg @ ZnO NPs的结晶。 在Mg _x Zn _{1- x} O样品中，_x分别为x = 1 wt％和4 wt％时，粒径分别在50-130 nm和17.5-52.5 nm范围内。Zn ²⁺被Mg ²⁺取代ZnO中的氧空位增加，自由电子浓度降低。掺杂剂依赖性光学带隙的浓度通过漫反射计算得出，范围为3.258–3.278 eV。Mg @ ZnO NPs对革兰氏+细菌和Gram – ve细菌进行了抗菌研究，结果表明Mg @ ZnO NPs对所有类型的细菌都有丰富的抗菌活性。体内试验显示，所有Mg @ ZnO NP对肝和肾均无细胞毒性作用。此外，在紫外线照射下对有害的亚甲基绿染料降解进行了光催化活性。ZnO晶格中Mg的存在显着提高了其光催化性能，Mg @ ZnO的光催化活性为1.8〜5。

图形摘要

通过闪蒸过程成功地实现了Mg @ ZnO NPs的简便合成，并将制备的NPs用于光学，生物和环境应用。Mg含量掺杂的ZnO的抗菌，细胞毒性和光催化活性增强。结果表明，Mg @ ZnO NPs是光生物环境应用的有效材料。