Abstract

Starting from the Vlasov–Maxwell equations describing the dynamics of various species in a free quasi-neutral plasma, an exact relativistic hydrodynamic closure for a special type of water-bag distributions satisfying the Vlasov equation has been derived.It has been shown that the set of equations for the macroscopic hydrodynamic variables coupled to the wave equations for the self-consistent electromagnetic field is equivalent to the Vlasov–Maxwell system. In the case of magnetized quasi-neutral plasma, the hydrodynamic substitution has been used to derive the hydrodynamic equations for the plasma density and current velocity, coupled to the wave equations for the self-consistent electromagnetic fields. Based on the method of multiple scales, a system comprising a vector nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the transverse envelopes of the self-consistent plasma wakefield, coupled to a scalar nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the electron current velocity envelope for free plasma, has been derived. In the case of magnetized plasma, it has been shown that the whistler wave envelopes of the three basic modes satisfy a system of three coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations. Numerical examples for typical plasma parameters have been presented, which demonstrate the relevance of the results thus obtained to the so-called shock laser-plasma acceleration. In addition, it has been shown that in the case of magnetized plasma, the whistler waves facilitate the transverse confinement considerably. The effect of the nonlinear corrections to the electric displacement vector and the intensity of the magnetic field in nonlinear electrodynamics of Heisenberg-Euler type has been studied. It has been shown that the slowly varying wave envelope in free polarized vacuum satisfies a nonlinear wave equation. In the case, where an external constant magnetic field is applied, the single nonlinear wave equation should be replaced by a system of two coupled nonlinear equations for the two independent wave polarizations. In both cases a novel effect of reduction of the speed of light can be observed, which is due to the vacuum polarization.

中文翻译：

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激光诱导等离子体和极化真空中的非线性波和相干结构

摘要

从描述自由准中性等离子体中各种物种动力学的弗拉索夫-麦克斯韦方程开始，已经得出了满足弗拉索夫方程的特殊类型水袋分布的精确相对论流体动力闭塞。宏观水动力变量方程与自洽电磁场的波动方程耦合的方程等效于Vlasov-Maxwell系统。在磁化准中性等离子体的情况下，流体力学替代已用于导出等离子体密度和电流速度的流体力学方程，并与自洽电磁场的波动方程耦合。基于多尺度法 推导了一个系统，该系统包括用于自洽等离子体尾波场横向包络的矢量非线性薛定inger方程，并耦合到用于自由等离子体的电子电流速度包络的标量非线性薛定inger方程。在磁化等离子体的情况下，已经表明，三种基本模式的惠斯勒波包络满足三个耦合的非线性薛定inger方程的系统。给出了典型等离子体参数的数值示例，这些示例证明了由此获得的结果与所谓的激射激光等离子体加速的相关性。另外，已经表明，在磁化等离子体的情况下，哨声波极大地促进了横向限制。研究了Heisenberg-Euler型非线性电动力学中非线性校正对电位移矢量和磁场强度的影响。已经证明，在自由极化真空中缓慢变化的波包络满足非线性波方程。在施加外部恒定磁场的情况下，应使用两个耦合的两个非线性方程对两个独立的波极化来代替单个非线性波动方程。在这两种情况下，都可以观察到光速降低的新效果，这是由于真空偏振引起的。在施加外部恒定磁场的情况下，应将单个非线性波动方程替换为两个耦合的非线性方程组，用于两个独立的波极化。在这两种情况下，都可以观察到光速降低的新效果，这是由于真空偏振引起的。在施加外部恒定磁场的情况下，应将一个非线性波方程替换为两个耦合的非线性方程的系统，用于两个独立的波极化。在这两种情况下，都可以观察到光速降低的新效果，这是由于真空偏振引起的。