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A glance over the fence: Using phylogeny and species comparison for a better understanding of antigen recognition by human γδ T-cells.
Immunological Reviews ( IF 8.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-27 , DOI: 10.1111/imr.12919
Thomas Herrmann 1 , Mohindar Murugesh Karunakaran 1 , Alina Suzann Fichtner 2
Affiliation  

Both, jawless and jawed vertebrates possess three lymphocyte lineages defined by highly diverse antigen receptors: Two T‐cell‐ and one B‐cell‐like lineage. In both phylogenetic groups, the theoretically possible number of individual antigen receptor specificities can even outnumber that of lymphocytes of a whole organism. Despite fundamental differences in structure and genetics of these antigen receptors, convergent evolution led to functional similarities between the lineages. Jawed vertebrates possess αβ and γδ T‐cells defined by eponymous αβ and γδ T‐cell antigen receptors (TCRs). “Conventional” αβ T‐cells recognize complexes of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and II molecules and peptides. Non‐conventional T‐cells, which can be αβ or γδ T‐cells, recognize a large variety of ligands and differ strongly in phenotype and function between species and within an organism. This review describes similarities and differences of non‐conventional T‐cells of various species and discusses ligands and functions of their TCRs. A special focus is laid on Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cells whose TCRs act as sensors for phosphorylated isoprenoid metabolites, so‐called phosphoantigens (PAg), associated with microbial infections or altered host metabolism in cancer or after drug treatment. We discuss the role of butyrophilin (BTN)3A and BTN2A1 in PAg‐sensing and how species comparison can help in a better understanding of this human Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell subset.

中文翻译:

一瞥围栏:使用系统发育和物种比较来更好地了解人类 γδ T 细胞的抗原识别。

无颌脊椎动物和有颌脊椎动物都具有由高度多样化的抗原受体定义的三种淋巴细胞谱系:两种 T 细胞谱系和一种 B 细胞样谱系。在这两个系统发育组中,理论上可能的个体抗原受体特异性数量甚至可以超过整个生物体的淋巴细胞数量。尽管这些抗原受体的结构和遗传学存在根本差异,但趋同进化导致谱系之间的功能相似。下颌脊椎动物具有由同名的 αβ 和 γδ T 细胞抗原受体 (TCR) 定义的 αβ 和 γδ T 细胞。“常规”αβ T 细胞识别主要组织相容性复合物 (MHC) I 类和 II 类分子和肽的复合物。非常规 T 细胞,可以是 αβ 或 γδ T 细胞,识别多种配体,并且在物种之间和生物体内的表型和功能上存在很大差异。这篇综述描述了不同物种的非常规 T 细胞的异同,并讨论了它们的 TCR 的配体和功能。特别关注 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞,其 TCR 充当磷酸化类异戊二烯代谢物(即所谓的磷酸抗原 (PAg))的传感器,与微生物感染或癌症中或药物治疗后宿主代谢改变有关。我们讨论了嗜酪蛋白 (BTN)3A 和 BTN2A1 在 PAg 传感中的作用,以及物种比较如何帮助更好地了解这种人类 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞亚群。这篇综述描述了不同物种的非常规 T 细胞的异同,并讨论了它们的 TCR 的配体和功能。特别关注 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞,其 TCR 充当磷酸化类异戊二烯代谢物(即所谓的磷酸抗原 (PAg))的传感器,与微生物感染或癌症中或药物治疗后宿主代谢改变有关。我们讨论了嗜酪蛋白 (BTN)3A 和 BTN2A1 在 PAg 传感中的作用,以及物种比较如何帮助更好地了解这种人类 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞亚群。这篇综述描述了不同物种的非常规 T 细胞的异同,并讨论了它们的 TCR 的配体和功能。特别关注 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞,其 TCR 作为磷酸化类异戊二烯代谢物(即所谓的磷酸抗原 (PAg))的传感器,与微生物感染或癌症中或药物治疗后的宿主代谢改变有关。我们讨论了嗜酪蛋白 (BTN)3A 和 BTN2A1 在 PAg 传感中的作用,以及物种比较如何帮助更好地了解这种人类 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞亚群。
更新日期:2020-11-27
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