Mating changes female behaviour and physiology across a wide range of taxa, with important effects for male and female fitness. These changes are often induced by components of the male ejaculate, such as sperm and seminal fluid proteins. However, males can vary significantly in their ejaculates, due to factors such as age, mating history, or nutritional status. This male variation may therefore lead to variation in the strength of responses males can stimulate in females, with alterations in fitness outcomes for both sexes. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we tested whether three aspects of male condition shape an important, but understudied, post-mating response - increased female-female aggression. We found that females mated to old males fought less than females mated to young males. This effect was exacerbated in mates of old, sexually active males, but there was no effect of male starvation status on mating-induced female aggression. There was also a significant effect of age and mating history on female post-mating feeding duration. Our results add to a growing body of literature that variation in male condition can shape sexual selection through post-mating responses in females, including female-female interactions. Studying such variation may therefore be useful for understanding how the condition of sex affects the behaviour of the other.

中文翻译：

---

雄性果蝇雄性年龄，交配史和饥饿对雌性交配后侵略和摄食的影响

交配会在广泛的分类单元中改变女性的行为和生理，对男性和女性的适应性都有重要影响。这些变化通常是由男性射精的成分引起的，例如精子和精液蛋白。但是，由于年龄，交配史或营养状况等因素，男性的射精可能有很大差异。因此，这种男性差异可能导致男性可以刺激女性的反应强度发生变化，导致男女双方的健身结果发生变化。我们使用果蝇果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster），测试了男性状况的三个方面是否形成了重要但尚未充分研究的交配后反应-女性和女性的侵略性增加。我们发现，与雄性雄性交配的雌性比雌性与年轻雄性交配的雌性少。老年人的同伴会加剧这种情况，性活跃的男性，但男性饥饿状态对交配引起的女性侵略没有影响。年龄和交配史对女性交配后的喂食时间也有显着影响。我们的结果增加了越来越多的文献，即男性状况的变化可以通过女性的交配后反应（包括女性-女性相互作用）来影响性选择。因此，研究这种变异可能有助于理解性别状况如何影响他人的行为。我们的结果增加了越来越多的文献，即男性状况的变化可以通过女性的交配后反应（包括女性-女性相互作用）来影响性选择。因此，研究这种变异可能有助于理解性别状况如何影响他人的行为。我们的结果增加了越来越多的文献，即男性状况的变化可以通过女性的交配后反应（包括女性-女性相互作用）来影响性选择。因此，研究这种变异可能有助于理解性别状况如何影响他人的行为。