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The Origins of Coca: Museum Genomics Reveals Multiple Independent Domestications from Progenitor Erythroxylum gracilipes
Systematic Biology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 , DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa074
Dawson M White, Jen-Pan Huang, Orlando Adolfo Jara-Muñoz, Santiago MadriñáN, Richard H Ree, Roberta J Mason-Gamer

Abstract Coca is the natural source of cocaine as well as a sacred and medicinal plant farmed by South American Amerindians and mestizos. The coca crop comprises four closely related varieties classified into two species (Amazonian and Huánuco varieties within Erythroxylum coca Lam., and Colombian and Trujillo varieties within Erythroxylum novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron.) but our understanding of the domestication and evolutionary history of these taxa is nominal. In this study, we use genomic data from natural history collections to estimate the geographic origins and genetic diversity of this economically and culturally important crop in the context of its wild relatives. Our phylogeographic analyses clearly demonstrate the four varieties of coca comprise two or three exclusive groups nested within the diverse lineages of the widespread, wild species Erythroxylum gracilipes; establishing a new and robust hypothesis of domestication wherein coca originated two or three times from this wild progenitor. The Colombian and Trujillo coca varieties are descended from a single, ancient domestication event in northwestern South America. Huánuco coca was domesticated more recently, possibly in southeastern Peru. Amazonian coca either shares a common domesticated ancestor with Huánuco coca, or it was the product of a third and most recent independent domestication event in the western Amazon basin. This chronology of coca domestication reveals different Holocene peoples in South America were able to independently transform the same natural resource to serve their needs; in this case, a workaday stimulant. [Erythroxylum; Erythroxylaceae; Holocene; Museomics; Neotropics; phylogeography; plant domestication; target-sequence capture.]

中文翻译:

古柯的起源:博物馆基因组学揭示了祖代 Erythroxylum gracilipes 的多重独立驯化

摘要 古柯是可卡因的天然来源,也是南美洲美洲印第安人和混血儿种植的神圣药用植物。古柯作物包括四个密切相关的品种,分为两个物种(Erythroxylum coca Lam. 中的 Amazonian 和 Huánuco 品种,以及 Erythroxylum novogranatense (D. Morris) Hieron. 中的哥伦比亚和 Trujillo 品种),但我们对这些品种的驯化和进化历史的理解分类群是名义上的。在这项研究中,我们使用来自自然历史收藏的基因组数据来估计这种在经济和文化上具有重要意义的作物在其野生近缘种的背景下的地理起源和遗​​传多样性。我们的系统地理学分析清楚地表明,四种古柯品种包括两个或三个独特的群体,它们嵌套在广泛分布的不同谱系中,野生种 Erythroxylum gracilipes;建立一个新的、强有力的驯化假说,其中古柯起源于这种野生祖先的两到三次。哥伦比亚和特鲁希略古柯品种起源于南美洲西北部单一的古老驯化事件。Huánuco 古柯最近被驯化,可能在秘鲁东南部。亚马逊古柯要么与瓦努科古柯有共同的驯化祖先,要么是亚马逊盆地西部第三次也是最近一次独立驯化事件的产物。这种古柯驯化的年表揭示了南美洲不同的全新世民族能够独立地改造相同的自然资源以满足他们的需求;在这种情况下,工作日的兴奋剂。[赤霉素;菊科; 全新世;博物馆学;新热带;系统地理学;植物驯化;目标序列捕获。]
更新日期:2020-11-13
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