Abstract Cold thermal energy storage provides suitable solutions for electric air conditioning systems to reduce peak electricity use and for solar cooling systems to alleviate energy supply intermittency. Due to the high latent heat (501–507 kJ kg−1), CO2 hydrates have been widely reported as promising cold storage media that suit a wide range of air conditioning systems i.e. low-temperature, conventional, and high-temperature systems. This paper reviews the research progress on CO2 hydrate thermodynamics (i.e. phase equilibrium, supercooling, thermal hysteresis, and hydrate reformation), kinetics (i.e. induction time, stochastic nucleation, and memory effect), and effects of transport phenomena on CO2 hydrate formation (i.e. heat and mass transfer) pertinent to cold thermal energy storage. Limitations of CO2 hydrate-based cold storage applications are discussed including side effects of additives, the storage of released CO2 gas, and the use of CO2 hydrate slurry as a cooling carrier. Successful CO2 hydrate characterisation methods, thermodynamic and kinetic models, CO2 hydrate-based cold storage laboratory demonstrations and system simulations are summarised.

中文翻译：

---

用于冷热能储存的二氧化碳水合物：综述

摘要 冷热蓄能为电动空调系统提供了合适的解决方案，以减少用电高峰，为太阳能冷却系统提供合适的解决方案，以缓解能源供应的间歇性。由于高潜热（501-507 kJ kg-1），CO2 水合物已被广泛报道为有前途的冷存储介质，适用于各种空调系统，即低温、常规和高温系统。本文综述了 CO2 水合物热力学（即相平衡、过冷、热滞后和水合物重整）、动力学（即诱导时间、随机成核和记忆效应）以及输运现象对 CO2 水合物形成的影响（即热和质量传递）与冷热能储存有关。讨论了基于 CO2 水合物的冷藏应用的局限性，包括添加剂的副作用、释放的 CO2 气体的存储以及使用 CO2 水合物浆液作为冷却载体。总结了成功的 CO2 水合物表征方法、热力学和动力学模型、基于 CO2 水合物的冷藏实验室演示和系统模拟。