Recent years have witnessed the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) systems that incorporate blockchain (BC) elements in their architecture. Due to discrepancies between the requirements of IoT systems and the characteristics of BC networks, the motivations and design of these blockchain-enabled IoT systems (BC-IoT) are not only intriguing from a research perspective but also invaluable in practice. This paper presents an inductive study of the “why” and “how” of BC-IoT systems through a Systematic Literature Review of 120 peer-reviewed studies. To capture the diverse nature of BC-IoT integration, we proposed and applied a multi-perspective framework to analyse the existing systems. Regarding their motivations, we studied the improvement objectives and technical problems that drive the integration of BC. Regarding the design, we captured the position of BC within IoT systems as well as the content and processes that IoT systems offload to BC. As these dimensions are not mutually exclusive, they constitute a rich and multi-angle view of BC-IoT integration. Based on these findings, we defined 10 archetypes of BC-IoT systems that embody the core patterns of usage and configuration of BC in IoT systems.

近年来，目睹了在其体系结构中结合了区块链（BC）元素的物联网（IoT）系统的出现。由于物联网系统的要求与BC网络的特性之间存在差异，因此这些基于区块链的IoT系统（BC-IoT）的动机和设计不仅从研究的角度吸引人，而且在实践中也具有无价的意义。本文通过对120篇同行评审研究的系统文献综述，对BC-IoT系统的“为什么”和“如何”进行了归纳研究。为了捕捉BC-IoT集成的多样性，我们提出并应用了多视角框架来分析现有系统。关于他们的动机，我们研究了驱动BC集成的改进目标和技术问题。关于设计，我们掌握了BC在物联网系统中的位置，以及物联网系统卸载到B​​C的内容和流程。由于这些维度不是互斥的，因此构成了BC-IoT集成的丰富多角度视图。基于这些发现，我们定义了BC-IoT系统的10种原型，这些原型体现了IoT系统中BC使用和配置的核心模式。