Abstract Extensive areas of native vegetation have been cleared to establish commercial exotic tree plantations in south-central Chile, a region known as a world biodiversity hotspot. Despite increasing societal demands to restore native forests in parts of the landscape, documented experiences for this form of restoration are lacking. We conducted a landscape-replicated experiment to test the influence of different harvesting treatments (clearcut, strip-cutting and unharvested control) on the early establishment of native tree species in 20-year-old Pinus radiata plantations. Group plantings of shade-intolerant (Nothofagus dombeyi; Nothofagus obliqua), semi-tolerant (Nothofagus alpina; Laurelia sempervirens) and shade–tolerant species (Aextoxicon punctatum; Cryptocarya alba) were established across the treatments, and seedling performance and water status were monitored during the first two growing seasons. Mean survival was significantly higher in the strip-cuttings (77%) and control (70%) than in the clearcuts (38%), while mean height and root collar diameter growth were significantly higher in the strip-cuttings (16 cm year−1; 0.2 cm year−1) and clearcuts (16 cm year−1; 0.2 cm year−1) than in the control (5 cm year−1; 0.1 cm year−1). Shade-intolerant and semi-tolerant species showed the highest growth responses to openings. Leaf water potential was significantly higher in seedlings in the strip-cuttings than those in the control and clearcuts, and stomatal conductance was significantly higher in the strip-cuttings and clearcuts than in the control. Higher seedling performances and lower water stress in the strip-cutting treatment suggest that partial canopy removal is a suitable method for artificial regeneration of native tree species with different shade tolerances for native forest restoration from P. radiata plantations.

中文翻译：

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从辐射松人工林恢复原生林：智利中部不同采伐方式对温带树种种植幼苗性能的影响

摘要 在被称为世界生物多样性热点的智利中南部地区，大面积的原生植被已被清除，以建立商业外来树木种植园。尽管在部分景观中恢复原始森林的社会需求不断增加，但缺乏这种恢复形式的记录经验。我们进行了景观复制实验，以测试不同采伐处理（明伐、条伐和未采伐控制）对 20 年生辐射松人工林原生树种早期建立的影响。在整个处理过程中建立了不耐阴（Nothofagus dombeyi；Nothofagusobliqua）、半耐（Nothofagus alpina；Laurelia sempervirens）和耐阴物种（Aextoxicon punctatum；Cryptocarya alba）的群植，在前两个生长季节监测幼苗性能和水分状况。条形插条 (77%) 和对照 (70%) 的平均存活率显着高于清除条 (38%)，而条形插条 (16 cm 年 - 1; 0.2 cm year−1) 和清除（16 cm year−1；0.2 cm year−1）比对照（5 cm year−1；0.1 cm year−1）。不耐阴和半耐阴物种对开口的生长反应最高。条扦插幼苗叶片水势显着高于对照和疏割，气孔导度显着高于对照。