The purpose of this study was to determine whether and to what extent the immediate generalization of treadmill slip-perturbation training could be retained over 6 months to resist overground slip-induced falls. Four protocols (Tc: treadmill control; Tt: treadmill slip-perturbation training; Oc: overground control; Ot: overground slip-perturbation training) from two randomized controlled trials were compared in which two training protocols were executed with single-session repeated slip-perturbation training on the treadmill or overground context, while two control protocols were executed without repeated training. A total of 152 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) who were trained by one of the four protocols and tested by an overground slip in the initial session attended a retest session 6 months later. Falls were detected by a load cell. Data collected from motion analysis system and force plates were used to calculate stability. Tt group had no significant change in fall incidence from initial post-training test to retest. Tt group had significantly lower fall incidence (p < 0.05) and higher reactive stability (p < 0.05) than Tc group in retest. Tt group had significantly higher fall incidence (p < 0.05) and lower reactive stability (p < 0.01) than Ot group. The generalization of a single session of treadmill slip-perturbation training to overground slip resulted in inferior outcomes compared with overground slip-perturbation training (absolute retention), although the training generalization could be retained over 6 months (relative retention). Thus, treadmill slip-perturbation training could be more convenient to use if future dose-response studies indicate better or equal efficacy to overground slip-perturbation training.

本研究的目的是确定是否以及在多大程度上可以将跑步机滑动扰动训练的直接推广保留超过 6 个月，以抵抗地面滑动引起的跌倒。比较了两项随机对照试验的四个方案（Tc：跑步机控制；Tt：跑步机滑动扰动训练；Oc：地上控制；Ot：地上滑动扰动训练），其中两种训练方案均以单次重复滑动执行。在跑步机或地上环境中进行扰动训练，同时执行两个控制协议而无需重复训练。总共 152 名社区居住的老年人（≥ 65 岁）接受了四种方案之一的培训，并在初次测试中通过地上滑道进行了测试，并参加了 6 个月后的重新测试。跌倒是由称重传感器检测到的。从运动分析系统和测力台收集的数据用于计算稳定性。从最初的训练后测试到重新测试，Tt 组的跌倒发生率没有显着变化。在复试中，Tt 组的跌倒发生率显着低于 Tc 组（ p  < 0.05），反应稳定性更高（p < 0.05）。 与 Ot 组相比，Tt 组跌倒发生率显着较高（p  < 0.05），反应稳定性较低（p < 0.01）。与地上滑动扰动训练（绝对保留）相比，将单次跑步机滑动扰动训练推广到地上滑动会导致较差的结果，尽管训练概括可以保留超过 6 个月（相对保留）。因此，如果未来的剂量反应研究表明跑步机滑动扰动训练比地面滑动扰动训练具有更好或相同的功效，那么使用起来可能会更方便。