Complex interactions between societies and their environment have shaped landscapes across Europe over centuries. Therefore, taking a historical perspective can be important when designing new forestry policy and management activities. This perspective aims to improve our appreciation of how a better historical understanding of landscapes can increase our understanding of current conditions and inform current and future policy and practice. I provide a perspective on land-use legacies and forest change, with a particular emphasis on landscapes, and using the example of forestry in the United Kingdom. For this purpose, I undertook a comprehensive review of scholarly forestry literature and of relevant policy and legal documents in the UK, covering the last 100 years. This brief review of the dynamics of forest landscapes in the UK over the last 100 years, shows that certain decisions, policies and management activities had major effects on the landscape, especially in terms of landscape patterns and species distribution, constraining it until today. Historic research investigated some of these legacies, leading to real change in policy and management, including a Broadleaved Policy, an Ancient Woodland Inventory, habitat restoration, habitat network and rewilding schemes. Research on past experiences of Dutch Elm disease in the UK and of similar outbreaks in other countries have guided responses to today’s tree pest/disease outbreaks and plant trade decisions. A better appreciation of past decisions and activities, especially in forestry, helps to anticipate landscape legacy effects and potential cross-scale interactions of new policies and practices. It may also help to better justify and negotiate new decisions and long-term planning among multiple actors.

中文翻译：

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英国 20 世纪林业的土地利用遗产：一个观点

几个世纪以来，社会与其环境之间复杂的相互作用塑造了整个欧洲的景观。因此，在设计新的林业政策和管理活动时，从历史的角度来看很重要。这种观点旨在提高我们对景观的更好历史理解如何可以增加我们对当前条件的理解并为当前和未来的政策和实践提供信息的理解。我提供了关于土地利用遗产和森林变化的观点，特别强调了景观，并使用了英国林业的例子。为此，我对英国过去 100 年的林业学术文献以及相关政策和法律文件进行了全面审查。对过去 100 年英国森林景观动态的简要回顾表明，某些决策、政策和管理活动对景观产生了重大影响，尤其是在景观模式和物种分布方面，直到今天才对其产生限制。历史研究调查了其中一些遗产，导致了政策和管理的真正变化，包括阔叶政策、古代林地清单、栖息地恢复、栖息地网络和野化计划。对英国荷兰榆树病过去经验和其他国家类似爆发的研究指​​导了对当今树木病虫害爆发和植物贸易决策的反应。更好地了解过去的决定和活动，特别是在林业方面，有助于预测景观遗产影响以及新政策和实践的潜在跨尺度相互作用。它还可能有助于在多个参与者之间更好地证明和协商新的决定和长期规划。