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Inclination Excitation of Solar System Debris Disk Due to Stellar Flybys
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abb08f
Nathaniel W. H. Moore 1 , Gongjie Li 1 , Fred C. Adams 2, 3
Affiliation  

Most stars form in clusters where relatively close encounters with other stars are common and can leave imprints on the orbital architecture of planetary systems. In this paper, we investigate the inclination excitation of debris disk particles due to such stellar encounters. We derive an analytical expression that describes inclination excitation in the hierarchical limit where the stellar flyby is distant. We then obtain numerical results for the corresponding particle inclination distribution in the non-hierarchical regime using a large ensemble of N-body simulations. For encounters with expected parameters, we find that the bulk inclination of the disk particles remains low. However, a distinct high inclination population is produced by prograde stellar encounters for particles with final pericenter distances above $50$AU. The maximum extent $i_t$ of the inclination distribution scales with the inclination of the encounter $\sin(i_s)$ for massive star flybys with low incoming velocity. The inclination distribution of observed trans-Neptunian objects places constraints on the dynamical history of our Solar System. For example, these results imply an upper limit on product of the number density $n$ of the solar birth cluster and the Sun's residence time $\tau$ of the form $n\tau\lesssim8\times10^4$ Myr pc$^{-3}$. Stronger constraints can be derived with future observational surveys of the outer Solar System.

中文翻译:

恒星飞越对太阳系碎片盘的倾角激发

大多数恒星在星团中形成,在这些星团中与其他恒星相对较近的相遇是常见的,并且可以在行星系统的轨道结构上留下印记。在本文中,我们研究了由于这种恒星相遇而引起的碎片盘粒子的倾角激发。我们推导出了一个分析表达式,该表达式描述了恒星飞越遥远的层次极限中的倾角激发。然后,我们使用大型 N 体模拟集合,获得非分层区域中相应粒子倾角分布的数值结果。对于遇到预期参数,我们发现圆盘粒子的整体倾斜度仍然很低。然而,一个明显的高倾角种群是由最终中心距离超过 50 AU 的粒子的顺行恒星相遇产生的。对于低进入速度的大质量恒星飞越,倾角分布的最大范围 $i_t$ 与遭遇 $\sin(i_s)$ 的倾角成比例。观测到的跨海王星天体的倾角分布限制了我们太阳系的动力学历史。例如,这些结果意味着太阳诞生星团的数密度 $n$ 和太阳停留时间 $\tau$ 的乘积上限,形式为 $n\tau\lesssim8\times10^4$ Myr pc$^ {-3}$。未来对太阳系外的观测调查可以得出更强的约束条件。观测到的跨海王星天体的倾角分布限制了我们太阳系的动力学历史。例如,这些结果意味着太阳诞生星团的数密度 $n$ 和太阳停留时间 $\tau$ 的乘积上限,形式为 $n\tau\lesssim8\times10^4$ Myr pc$^ {-3}$。未来对太阳系外的观测调查可以得出更强的约束条件。观测到的跨海王星天体的倾角分布限制了我们太阳系的动力学历史。例如,这些结果意味着太阳诞生星团的数密度 $n$ 和太阳停留时间 $\tau$ 的乘积上限,形式为 $n\tau\lesssim8\times10^4$ Myr pc$^ {-3}$。未来对太阳系外的观测调查可以得出更强的约束条件。
更新日期:2020-09-25
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