Mitochondrial function requires numerous genetic interactions between mitochondrial- and nuclear- encoded genes. While selection for optimal mitonuclear interactions should result in coevolution between both genomes, evidence for mitonuclear coadaptation is challenging to document. Genetic models where mitonuclear interactions can be explored are needed. We systematically exchanged mtDNAs between 15 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from a variety of ecological niches to create 225 unique mitochondrial-nuclear genotypes. Analysis of phenotypic profiles confirmed that environmentally-sensitive interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genotype contributed to growth differences. Exchanges of mtDNAs between strains of the same or different clades were just as likely to demonstrate mitonuclear epistasis although epistatic effect sizes increased with genetic distances. Strains with their original mtDNAs were more fit than strains with synthetic mitonuclear combinations when grown in media that resembled isolation habitats. This study shows that natural variation in mitonuclear interactions contributes to fitness landscapes. Multiple examples of coadapted mitochondrial-nuclear genotypes suggest that selection for mitonuclear interactions may play a role in helping yeasts adapt to novel environments and promote coevolution.

中文翻译：

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线粒体-核共适应通过酿酒酵母中的mtDNA替代揭示。

线粒体功能需要线粒体和核编码基因之间的大量遗传相互作用。虽然选择最佳的微核相互作用将导致两个基因组之间的共同进化，但是对微核共适应的证据提出了挑战。需要可以探索微核相互作用的遗传模型。我们系统地从各种生态位的15个酿酒酵母菌株之间系统地交换mtDNA，以创建225种独特的线粒体-核基因型。表型分析分析证实，线粒体和核基因型之间的环境敏感相互作用促成生长差异。尽管上位效应的大小随遗传距离的增加而增加，但相同进化枝或不同进化枝的菌株之间的mtDNA交换也可能显示出微核上皮转移。在类似于隔离生境的培养基中生长时，具有原始mtDNA的菌株比具有合成微核组合的菌株更适合。这项研究表明，微核相互作用中的自然变化有助于形成适宜景观。线粒体-核基因型共适应的多个例子表明，选择微核相互作用可能有助于酵母适应新环境并促进共同进化。这项研究表明，微核相互作用中的自然变化有助于形成适宜景观。线粒体-核基因型共适应的多个例子表明，选择微核相互作用可能有助于酵母适应新环境并促进共同进化。这项研究表明，微核相互作用中的自然变化有助于形成适宜景观。线粒体-核基因型共适应的多个例子表明，选择微核相互作用可能有助于酵母适应新环境并促进共同进化。