BACKGROUND:Barberry is a valuable plant, which is useful in the treatment of different diseases. There are valuable compounds in different parts of barberry that are pruned per year and discarded as waste. OBJECTIVE:In this study, the amount of berberine, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activityof barberry fruits, leaves, and stems of different barberry species (B.integerrima and B.thunbergii) were investigated. METHODS:Central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM) were used in this study to investigate the extraction variables (time: 2–24 h, temperature: 24–70°C and ethanol concentration: 50–90%) in the extraction of berberine from the stem of B.integrrima. The responses used as criteria were the amount of berberine, scavenging radical DPPH, and polyphenol. Also, pulsed electric field-assisted (PEF) was applied as a pretreatment (Pulse strengths of 250, 1000 and 1250 Vcm–1; Pulse numbers (n) of 50 and 100; frequency (f) of 1 Hz) and then the extraction was conducted in optimum condition. PEF increased significantly the amount of berberine. RESULTS:The stem of B.integrrima had the most amounts of antioxidant activity and berberine content, and it was selected for more investigation. The optimum condition in the maceration method was: 90% of ethanol, 70°C, and 3.36 h (141.6 min). According to the result of PEF method, the best condition for extraction of berberine from barberry stems was 1000 Vcm–1 and n = 100. CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrated that the extract of B.integrrima stem is a good source of berberine, antioxidant, and has the potential to be applied in various industries.

中文翻译：

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浸渍和脉冲电场辅助法优化从伏牛花中提取小碱和抗氧化剂化合物

背景：伏牛花是一种有价值的植物，可用于治疗各种疾病。伏牛花的不同部分每年都会修剪掉一些有价值的化合物，并作为废物丢弃。目的：研究不同伏牛花（B.integerrima和B.thunbergii）伏牛花果实，叶片和茎中的小ber碱含量，酚类化合物和抗氧化活性。方法：本研究采用响应面方法（RSM）的中央复合设计，研究了提取过程中的提取变量（时间：2–24 h，温度：24–70°C和乙醇浓度：50–90％）。 B.integrrima茎中的小碱。用作标准的反应是小ber碱的含量，清除自由基的DPPH和多酚。也，使用脉冲电场辅助（PEF）进行预处理（脉冲强度分别为250、1000和1250 Vcm-1；脉冲数（n）为50和100；频率（f）为1 Hz），然后进行提取在最佳条件下。PEF显着增加了小ber碱的含量。结果：B.integrrima的茎具有最大的抗氧化活性和小ber碱含量，因此被选择进行更多研究。浸渍法的最佳条件为：90％的乙醇，70°C和3.36小时（141.6分钟）。根据PEF方法的结果，从伏牛花茎中提取小ber碱的最佳条件是1000 Vcm-1，n =100。结论：结果表明，B.integrrima茎干的提取物是小碱，抗氧化剂，并有可能在各个行业中应用。