This article presents a 390-GHz outphasing transmitter in 28-nm CMOS. Generating higher order modulation schemes at terahertz (THz) frequencies is very challenging due to the essential nonlinear elements needed to generate signals above Fmax. Harmonic outphasing could provide an answer for transmitters which use a multiplier last topology. The topology addresses both amplitude and phase distortion issues, which are inherent for multiplier-last architectures. The 5-bit on-chip outphasing symbol generator is sufficient to generate modulation schemes from OOK to 16-STAR QAM. The chip is packaged with a direct chip-to-waveguide interface thus providing easy RF access through the WR2.2 waveguide interface. The transmitter can deliver a peak measured output power of −16 dBm with a 3-dB IF bandwidth of 16.5 GHz. The maximum achieved data rate was 6 Gb/s.

中文翻译：

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28-nm CMOS 中的 390-GHz 异相发射器

本文介绍了 28-nm CMOS 中的 390-GHz 异相发射器。由于生成高于 Fmax 的信号所需的基本非线性元素，因此在太赫兹 (THz) 频率生成更高阶的调制方案非常具有挑战性。谐波异相可以为使用乘法器最后拓扑的发射器提供答案。该拓扑解决了后乘法器架构固有的幅度和相位失真问题。5 位片上异相符号发生器足以生成从 OOK 到 16-STAR QAM 的调制方案。该芯片采用直接的芯片到波导接口封装，因此可以通过 WR2.2 波导接口轻松访问射频。发射机可提供 −16 dBm 的峰值测量输出功率，3 dB 中频带宽为 16.5 GHz。实现的最大数据速率为 6 Gb/s。