Neuronal cell death and loss of synapses are hallmarks of the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). The incidence of AD increases with age, and both regional and global brain atrophies have been identified as pathological correlates. Thus, AD can, in many respects, be regarded as a paradigmatic neurodegenerative disorder. However, disrupted function of the presenilin genes, the most common cause of early-onset familial AD (FAD), can also affect brain development, including early processes of neuronal migration and morphogenesis.¹

中文翻译：

---

阿尔茨海默氏病的遗传风险会影响整个生命周期的大脑

神经细胞死亡和突触丧失是阿尔茨海默病（AD）病理的标志。AD的发病率随年龄增长而增加，区域和全球脑萎缩均已被确定为病理相关因素。因此，AD可以在许多方面被认为是范例性神经退行性疾病。但是，早老家族性AD（FAD）的最常见原因是早老素基因的功能受损，也会影响大脑发育，包括神经元迁移和形态发生的早期过程。^1个