Earth's surface topography/bathymetry and gravity fields provide important constraints on crustal structure and the tectonic processes that act on it due, for example, to plate flexure and mantle convection. Such studies require, however, high accuracy measurements at a wide range of spatial scales. During the past few decades much progress has been made in the acquisition of bathymetry and gravity data using both shipboard and satellite altimeter methods. Surprisingly, there have been few comparisons of these data. During April–June, 2019 we had the opportunity onboard a R/V Marcus G. Langseth cruise in the northwest Pacific Ocean to compare data acquired with an EM122 Kongsberg swath bathymetry system and a refurbished Bell Aerospace BGM‐3 gravimeter with the most recent global bathymetry and gravity fields. We find that while the recovery of bathymetry and gravity from satellite radar altimeter data in areas of sparse shipboard data has been impressive, root mean square discrepancies in the range 175.5–303.4 m and 2.6–6.3 mGal exist between shipboard and satellite‐derived data. While these discrepancies are small, they are highly correlated and therefore have implications for the density structure, rock type and geological processes occurring on the deep seafloor. Shipboard data should continue to be acquired, especially over features such as seamounts, banks, and ridges that are associated with short wavelength (<25 km wavelength) bathymetric and gravimetric features beyond that is recoverable in satellite‐derived data.

中文翻译：

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评估西北太平洋海域的舰载和卫星水深和重力数据

地球表面的地形/测深和重力场对地壳结构和作用于其的构造过程提供了重要的限制，例如由于板的弯曲和地幔对流。但是，此类研究需要在广泛的空间范围内进行高精度测量。在过去的几十年中，使用船载和卫星高度计方法在测深和重力数据的采集方面取得了很大的进步。令人惊讶的是，这些数据很少进行比较。在2019年4月至6月期间，我们有机会乘坐R / V Marcus G. Langseth在西北太平洋航行，将EM122 Kongsberg测绘测深系统和翻新的Bell Aerospace BGM-3重力仪获得的数据与最新的全球测深和重力场进行比较。我们发现，尽管在稀疏船上数据区域中从卫星雷达高度计数据中恢复了测深法和重力是令人印象深刻的，但船上数据和卫星数据之间的均方根差异在175.5–303.4 m和2.6–6.3 mGal之间。尽管这些差异很小，但它们之间的相关性很高，因此对深海底发生的密度结构，岩石类型和地质过程具有影响。应当继续获取船上数据，尤其是在与短波长相关的海山，河岸和山脊等特征（<