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Energy efficient BPA degradation through Fetched-Ni-Sn-C-N-TiO2 nano-layered thin film reactors
Environmental Technology & Innovation ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101174
Tolga Tunçal

Increasing wastewater generation rates and micro-pollutant levels in environmental matrices constrain energy-efficient and fast control technologies. In this study, different optical and geometrical photocatalytic reactor (PCR) design have been investigated experimentally using BPA molecule as a model pollutant. N-TiO2, Ni-N-TiO2, Sn-N-TiO2, Ni-Sn-C-N-TiO2 and Fetched-Ni-Sn-C-N-TiO2 nano-layered thin films (TFs) have been produced and employed as immobilized nano-catalysts. An ultrasound-assisted fluorine (F) etching method was applied to Sn and Ni co-doped TFs. The synthesized TFs were characterized by SEM-EDX, AFM, XPS, FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. Three different types of PCRs with different geometrical and optical design were operated using different light sources, wavelengths and technologies. A box type photoreactor, vertical and horizontal coated quartz tubular reactors (CQTRs) were fabricated and their performances were evaluated considering BPA degradation kinetics and unit energy consumption figures (ξ, kJ energy used mg−1 BPAremoved). Vis, UV A, UV C lamps and SMD 5050 blue (450 nm) and UV (365 nm) LEDs were employed as irradiation sources to initiate photocatalytic reactions. The highest pseudo first-order reaction rate (k) and the lowest ξ value were obtained by Fetched-Sn-Ni-C-N-TiO2, positioned in vertical type reactor under UV LED irradiation as 20.5 min1 and 56 kJ mg−1 BPAremoved respectively. Whereas, the highest BPA degradation rate (k) and the lowest ξ value for the box type reactor under 257 nm UV C irradiation were estimated as 20.3 min−1 and 1,581 kJ mg−1 BPAremoved respectively for Fetched-Sn-Ni-C-N-TiO2. Although similar reaction rates were obtained for both reactor types, energy consumption was lowered approximately 28-fold in the developed vertical positioned reactor system in addition to several other benefits. While UV LED based-PCR yielded elevated levels of BPA removal efficiency, 257 nm UV C irradiation did not contribute to BPA degradation when positioned vertically. Furthermore, obtained experimental results also revealed that Fetched-Sn-Ni-C-N-TiO2 has significant potential to function under solar irradiation.



中文翻译:

通过F进行的高效BPA降解ËŤCHËd-Ni-Sn-CN-TiO2 纳米层薄膜反应器

环境基质中废水产生率和微污染物水平的增加限制了节能和快速控制技术。在这项研究中,已使用BPA分子作为模型污染物,对不同的光学和几何光催化反应器(PCR)设计进行了实验研究。N-TiO 2,Ni-N-TiO 2,Sn-N-TiO 2,Ni-Sn-CN-TiO 2F蚀刻的已经制备了-Ni-Sn-CN-TiO 2纳米层薄膜(TF),并将其用作固定化的纳米催化剂。超声辅助的氟(F)蚀刻方法应用于Sn和Ni共掺杂的TFs。通过SEM-EDX,AFM,XPS,FT-IR和UV-vis光谱对合成的TF进行了表征。使用不同的光源,波长和技术操作了三种具有不同几何和光学设计的不同类型的PCR。制作了箱型光反应器,立式和卧式涂层石英管式反应器(CQTR),并根据BPA降解动力学和单位能耗数据评估了它们的性能(ξ,kJ使用能量mg -1 BPA已移除)。可见光,UV A,UV C灯和SMD 5050蓝光(450 nm)和UV(365 nm)LED用作辐照源以引发光催化反应。最高伪一阶反应速率(k),最低ξ 价值通过 F蚀刻的-Sn-Ni-CN-TiO 2,在垂直型反应器中置于UV LED照射下20.5分钟-1个和56 kJ mg -1 BPA已移除分别。而最高的BPA降解率(k)和最低的ξ箱型反应器在257 nm UV C照射下的最大值估计为20.3 min -1和1,581 kJ mg -1 BPA已移除 分别为 F蚀刻的-Sn-Ni-CN-TiO 2。尽管对于两种反应器类型都获得了相似的反应速率,但除其他优点外,在已开发的立式反应器系统中,能耗降低了约28倍。虽然基于UV LED的PCR产生了更高水平的BPA去除效率,但垂直放置时257 nm UV C辐射却无助于BPA降解。此外,获得的实验结果还表明F蚀刻的-Sn-Ni-CN-TiO 2具有在太阳辐射下起作用的巨大潜力。

更新日期:2020-09-25
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