Abstract The use of Moringa oleifera (MO) for cleaner processes in water treatment has been proposed to treat raw water for low-income locations for its abundant availability, low cost, reduced by-product generation, biodegradability, non-toxicity and multifunctional behavior. This review analyzed studies that used MO seeds in coagulation-flocculation processes, identifying the main proteins that presented coagulant activity. It was concluded that its most viable application would be as flocculation aid, since it was possible to reduce the concentration of the chemical coagulant with good removal results. Regarding the use of MO as adsorbent, studies could verify its potential to remove several water contaminants, such as pesticides, dyes and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, hybrid treatments have been investigated, however, a research gap could be verified regarding studies on pilot scale, which are fundamental for verifying the viability in water treatment plants. In this sense, the main trends, challenges and recommendations for further studies were assessed regarding the sustainable application of MO seeds in water treatment.

中文翻译：

---

辣木种子在水处理中的回顾：趋势和未来挑战

摘要 辣木 (MO) 在水处理中用于更清洁的过程，已被提议用于处理低收入地区的原水，因为它具有丰富的可用性、低成本、减少副产品的产生、可生物降解、无毒和多功能。本综述分析了在混凝-絮凝过程中使用 MO 种子的研究，确定了具有混凝活性的主要蛋白质。得出的结论是，其最可行的应用是作为絮凝助剂，因为它可以降低化学混凝剂的浓度并获得良好的去除效果。关于使用 MO 作为吸附剂，研究可以验证其去除几种水污染物的潜力，如杀虫剂、染料和药物。此外，已经研究了混合处理，然而，在中试规模研究方面存在研究空白，这对于验证水处理厂的可行性至关重要。从这个意义上说，评估了关于 MO 种子在水处理中的可持续应用的主要趋势、挑战和进一步研究的建议。