Cellulose nanofibers, which are troublesome to spun into fibers, can be easily fabricated by post-regeneration of its acetate-derived threads. Cellulose is a natural polymer; it enjoys better biocompatibility, cellular mimicking, and hydrophilic properties than its proportionate analog. Herein, we regenerated acetate-free nanofibers by alkaline de-acetylation of as-spun nanofibers. The resultant cellulose nanofibers previously loaded with hydroxyapatite (HAp) were immobilized using silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) by reduction of adsorbed Ag ions on using sodium borohydride. These amalgamated nanofibers were characterized for SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, and hydrophilicity tests revealing the existence of both HAp and Ag NPs in/on the nanofiber scaffolds. The de-acetylation of composite nanofibers resulted in spontaneous hydrophilicity. These nanofibers were cytocompatible, as resolved by MTT assay conducted on chicken embryo fibroblasts. The SEM of the samples after cell culture revealed that these composites allowed a proliferation of the fibroblasts over and within the nanofiber network, and increased concentration of HAp levitated the excessive of apatite formation as well as increased cell growth. The antimicrobial activity of these nanofibers was assessed on E. coli (BL21) and S. aureus, suggesting the potential of de-acetylated nanofibers to restrain bacterial growth. The degradation study for 10, 30, and 60 days indicated degradation of the fibers much is faster in enzymes as compared to degradation in PBS. The results certify that these nanofibers possess enormous potential for soft and hard tissue engineering besides their antimicrobial properties.

纤维素纳米纤维难以纺成纤维，可以通过醋酸盐衍生丝的后再生容易地制造。纤维素是一种天然聚合物；与同比例的类似物相比，它具有更好的生物相容性，细胞模拟性和亲水性。在这里，我们通过纺成纳米纤维的碱性脱乙酰作用再生了不含乙酸盐的纳米纤维。通过使用硼氢化钠还原吸附的Ag离子，使用银（Ag）纳米颗粒（NPs）固定先前负载有羟基磷灰石（HAp）的所得纤维素纳米纤维。对这些混合的纳米纤维进行了SEM，EDX，TEM，FTIR表征，并进行了亲水性测试，揭示了纳米纤维支架内/上同时存在HAp和Ag NP。复合纳米纤维的脱乙酰作用导致自发的亲水性。这些纳米纤维具有细胞相容性，通过在鸡胚成纤维细胞上进行的MTT分析可以解决。细胞培养后样品的SEM图像表明，这些复合材料可使成纤维细胞在纳米纤维网络内部和内部增殖，HAp浓度的增加会导致磷灰石过多的形成以及细胞的生长。这些纳米纤维的抗菌活性在大肠杆菌（BL21）和金黄色葡萄球菌，表明脱乙酰化纳米纤维抑制细菌生长的潜力。对10天，30天和60天的降解研究表明，与PBS相比，酶的纤维降解要快得多。结果证明，这些纳米纤维除具有抗菌特性外，还具有用于软组织和硬组织工程的巨大潜力。