Microbial insecticides are being used as ecologically-friendly alternatives to traditional insecticides. However, their effects have been poorly investigated on non-target freshwater species, with exception of a few insect species. Moreover, combined effects of microbial insecticides with other environmental stressors, such as salinity, have never been investigated. Thus, our goal was to assess the effects of Bac-Control® (based in Bacillus thuringiensis - Btk) and Boveril® (based in Beauveria bassiana - Bb) with increasing salinities (NaCl) on freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. It has been reported that increased salinity levels affect freshwater organisms compromising their survival by triggering adaptation processes to cope with osmotic stress. Our results showed delayed regeneration, decreased locomotion and feeding on planarians exposed to NaCl, whereas their sexual reproduction was not affected. Both microbial insecticides impaired feeding, locomotor activity, regeneration, and sexual reproduction of planarians. Planarians exposed to microbial insecticides compromised their progeny. Therefore, microbial insecticides might not be ecologically friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides. Interestingly, harmful effects of microbial insecticides with increasing salinities showed an inadequate response of planarians to cope with induction of their immune response and osmoregulation.

微生物杀虫剂被用作传统杀虫剂的生态友好替代品。但是，除少数昆虫种类外，对非目标淡水种类的效果尚未得到很好的研究。此外，从未研究过微生物杀虫剂与其他环境胁迫因素（例如盐度）的联合作用。因此，我们的目标是评估Bac-Control®（苏云金芽孢杆菌-Btk）和Boveril®（球孢白僵菌-Bb ）对盐度（NaCl）的增加对淡水浮游生物Girardia tigrina的影响。据报道，盐度水平的提高会通过触发适应过程来应对渗透胁迫而影响淡水生物的生存，从而损害其生存能力。我们的结果表明，延迟暴露，运动和进食暴露于NaCl的平面虫的进食减少，而其有性生殖并未受到影响。两种微生物杀虫剂均会损害饲喂动物，自发活动，再生以及planar虫的有性繁殖。暴露于微生物杀虫剂的Planarians损害了它们的后代。因此，微生物杀虫剂可能不是化学杀虫剂的生态友好替代品。有趣的是，随着盐度的增加，微生物杀虫剂的有害作用表明，对涡虫的免疫反应不足以应对其免疫反应和渗透调节作用的诱导。