In environmental policy in Japan, the benefits derived from agro-ecosystems have traditionally been defined as “multiple functions of agricultural production activities.” Even after the concept “ecosystem services” was introduced to Japanese policy, it was not often used for agriculture and forestry where policy mostly evolves around the term “multiple functions.” Streamlining the concepts would clarify future policy. This paper aimed to identify future pathways for satoyama as resilient socio-ecological systems based on a review of past and current environmental policy that had an impact on secondary ecosystems in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. From case studies on two diverse satoyama landscapes, natural resource use and the impact of national and prefectural policy were examined. Based on these reviews, two directions to be taken were clarified: the first direction involves the use of grants and other legal support frameworks to ensure that agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industries and the local community conserve and enhance ecosystem services while implementing farmland consolidation and labor-saving measures. The second direction implies efforts to discover and identify values in traditional satoyama structures in areas where the conditions for agricultural activity are relatively unfavorable and unprofitable. The results showed that a better integrated regional policy framework is needed. It should comprise both directions while taking into account the natural and cultural features of each satoyama.

在日本的环境政策中，传统上将农业生态系统的收益定义为“农业生产活动的多种功能”。即使在日本政策中引入了“生态系统服务”的概念后，该政策也不常用于农业和林业，在这些领域，政策大多围绕“多功能”一词发展。简化概念将阐明未来的政策。本文旨在通过回顾过去和当前对日本滋贺县次生生态系统产生影响的环境政策，确定佐藤山作为具有复原力的社会生态系统的未来途径。通过对两种不同的里山景观的个案研究，考察了自然资源的利用以及国家和县政策的影响。基于这些审查，明确了要采取的两个方向：第一个方向涉及使用赠款和其他法律支持框架，以确保农业，林业，渔业和当地社区在实施农田合并和节省劳动力的措施的同时，保护和增强生态系统服务。第二个方向意味着在农业活动条件相对不利和无利可图的地区，努力发现和识别传统的佐山结构的价值。结果表明，需要一个更好的综合区域政策框架。考虑到每个里山的自然和文化特征时，它应该包括两个方向。渔业和当地社区在实施耕地合并和节省劳动力的措施的同时，保护并增强了生态系统服务。第二个方向意味着在农业活动条件相对不利和无利可图的地区，努力发现和识别传统的佐山结构的价值。结果表明，需要一个更好的综合区域政策框架。考虑到每个里山的自然和文化特征时，它应该包括两个方向。渔业和当地社区在实施耕地合并和节省劳动力的措施的同时，保护并增强了生态系统服务。第二个方向意味着在农业活动条件相对不利和无利可图的地区，努力发现和识别传统的佐山结构的价值。结果表明，需要一个更好的综合区域政策框架。考虑到每个里山的自然和文化特征时，它应该包括两个方向。结果表明，需要一个更好的综合区域政策框架。考虑到每个里山的自然和文化特征时，它应该包括两个方向。结果表明，需要一个更好的综合区域政策框架。考虑到每个里山的自然和文化特征时，它应该包括两个方向。