Abstract—

The modern state in design, calculation, and operation of heaters used in the steam-turbine regeneration systems in Russia and abroad is reviewed and analyzed. The first part of the article gives a list of companies producing steam-turbine feedwater heaters and the market shares occupied by the countries producing these apparatuses. The ranges of operating parameters for the feedwater heaters of Russian and foreign steam turbines are indicated. The article gives the types of heat exchangers included in the regenerative feedwater heating system and serving as high- and low-pressure heaters that are adopted in Russia and abroad, including contact apparatuses and plate-type heaters. Specific examples of arranging such apparatuses at power plants in different countries are given. Advantages and drawbacks associated with the use of contact and plate-type apparatuses as turbine unit feedwater heaters are discussed. Different designs of shell-and-tube high- and low-pressure feedwater heaters adopted in the United States, Europe, and Russia are presented. The designs of particular high- and low-pressure heaters characteristic of different domestic and foreign producers are described. Methods for arrangement and structural makeup of different functional areas of the heater’s heat-transfer surface are shown. The advantages and drawbacks of header-and-helical coil-type high-pressure heaters and tubular apparatuses for the similar purpose, including chamber-type apparatuses, are discussed in terms of thermal efficiency, reliability, and repairability. It follows from the presented data that there is no commonly accepted approach to designing the considered apparatuses, and that there is mutual influence of manufacturing experience, design trends, and heater manufacturing traditions in different countries.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯和国外热电厂和核电厂蒸汽轮机高压和低压加热器的设计和运行的最新技术和趋势：第1部分。加热器的类型和设计

摘要—

对俄罗斯和国外的蒸汽轮机再生系统中使用的加热器的设计，计算和运行的现代状态进行了回顾和分析。本文的第一部分列出了生产蒸汽轮机给水加热器的公司以及生产这些设备的国家所占的市场份额。显示了俄罗斯和国外蒸汽轮机给水加热器的运行参数范围。本文介绍了再生给水加热系统中包括的热交换器的类型，这些热交换器可作为俄罗斯和国外采用的高压和低压加热器，包括接触设备和板式加热器。给出了在不同国家的发电厂中布置这种设备的具体示例。讨论了与使用接触式和平板式设备作为涡轮机组给水加热器相关的优缺点。介绍了在美国，欧洲和俄罗斯采用的管壳式高压和低压给水加热器的不同设计。描述了国内外不同生产商所特有的特殊高压和低压加热器的设计。示出了用于加热器的热传递表面的不同功能区域的布置和结构构成的方法。从热效率，可靠性和可维修性的角度讨论了集管和螺旋盘管式高压加热器以及用于类似目的的管状设备（包括腔室式设备）的优缺点。