Nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) is one of the most widely used nanotechnologies in soil remediation, but its long-term performance can be limited due to its high reactivity and rapid ageing. The aim of this study was to compare the immobilisation of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in artificially contaminated soil samples using nZVI and to evaluate their retention over a 1-year period. Single-metal-contaminated soil samples were amended using 0–1.05% of nZVI. Leaching, using CaCl₂ solution and a sequential extraction procedure, was performed to evaluate the immobilisation efficiency and fractionation of heavy metals before and after ageing. The results of the extractions showed that the application of nZVI initially reduced the exchangeable fraction of all heavy metals. The greatest immobilisation efficiency was achieved for Cu. The retention of heavy metals by nZVI was studied by constantly humidifying soil samples for a 12-month period. The results showed that over this period, the efficiency of nZVI treatment decreased, due to the decrease in the amount of reactive iron oxides in soil samples. Retention of immobilised heavy metals by nZVI strongly depended on their ionic radius. The highest retention results were obtained for Cu and Ni, whereas the lowest results were obtained for Cd and Pb.

纳米零价铁（nZVI）是土壤修复中使用最广泛的纳米技术之一，但由于其高反应性和快速老化，其长期性能可能受到限制。这项研究的目的是比较使用nZVI将Cd，Cu，Ni和Pb固定在人工污染的土壤样品中的情况，并评估其在1年内的保留率。使用nZVI的0–1.05％修正了单金属污染的土壤样品。用CaCl ₂浸出溶液和顺序萃取程序进行，以评估老化之前和之后的重金属固定化效率和分馏。提取结果表明，使用nZVI最初会降低所有重金属的可交换分数。铜的固定效率最高。通过对土壤样品持续加湿12个月，研究了nZVI对重金属的保留。结果表明，在此期间，由于土壤样品中反应性氧化铁含量的减少，nZVI处理效率下降。nZVI对固定化重金属的保留在很大程度上取决于其离子半径。Cu和Ni的保留率最高，而Cd和Pb的保留率最低。