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Recursion operators and hierarchies of $$\text{mKdV}$$ equations related to the Kac–Moody algebras $$D_4^{(1)}$$, $$D_4^{(2)}$$, and $$D_4^{(3)}$$
Theoretical and Mathematical Physics ( IF 1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1134/s0040577920090020
V. S. Gerdjikov , A. A. Stefanov , I. D. Iliev , G. P. Boyadjiev , A. O. Smirnov , V. B. Matveev , M. V. Pavlov

We construct three nonequivalent gradings in the algebra $$D_4\simeq so(8)$$ . The first is the standard grading obtained with the Coxeter automorphism $$C_1=S_{\alpha_2}S_{\alpha_1}S_{\alpha_3}S_{\alpha_4}$$ using its dihedral realization. In the second, we use $$C_2=C_1R$$ , where $$R$$ is the mirror automorphism. The third is $$C_3=S_{\alpha_2}S_{\alpha_1}T$$ , where $$T$$ is the external automorphism of order 3. For each of these gradings, we construct a basis in the corresponding linear subspaces $$ \mathfrak{g} ^{(k)}$$ , the orbits of the Coxeter automorphisms, and the related Lax pairs generating the corresponding modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) hierarchies. We find compact expressions for each of the hierarchies in terms of recursion operators. Finally, we write the first nontrivial mKdV equations and their Hamiltonians in explicit form. For $$D_4^{(1)}$$ , these are in fact two mKdV systems because the exponent 3 has the multiplicity two in this case. Each of these mKdV systems consists of four equations of third order in $$ \partial _x$$ . For $$D_4^{(2)}$$ , we have a system of three equations of third order in $$ \partial _x$$ . For $$D_4^{(3)}$$ , we have a system of two equations of fifth order in $$ \partial _x$$ .

中文翻译:

与 Kac–Moody 代数 $$D_4^{(1)}$$、$$D_4^{(2)}$$ 和 $$D_4 相关的 $$\text{mKdV}$$ 方程的递归运算符和层次结构^{(3)}$$

我们在代数 $$D_4\simeq so(8)$$ 中构造了三个不等价的分级。第一个是使用 Coxeter 自同构 $$C_1=S_{\alpha_2}S_{\alpha_1}S_{\alpha_3}S_{\alpha_4}$$ 使用其二面体实现获得的标准分级。在第二个中,我们使用 $$C_2=C_1R$$ ,其中 $$R$$ 是镜像自同构。第三个是 $$C_3=S_{\alpha_2}S_{\alpha_1}T$$ ,其中 $$T$$ 是 3 阶的外部自同构。 对于这些分级中的每一个,我们在相应的线性子空间中构造一个基$$ \mathfrak{g} ^{(k)}$$ 、Coxeter 自同构的轨道以及相关的 Lax 对生成相应的修正 Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) 层次结构。我们根据递归运算符找到每个层次结构的紧凑表达式。最后,我们以显式形式写出第一个非平凡的 mKdV 方程及其哈密顿量。对于 $$D_4^{(1)}$$ ,这些实际上是两个 mKdV 系统,因为在这种情况下指数 3 具有多重性 2。这些 mKdV 系统中的每一个都由 $$ \partial _x$$ 中的四个三阶方程组成。对于 $$D_4^{(2)}$$ ,我们在 $$ \partial _x$$ 中有一个由三个三阶方程组成的系统。对于 $$D_4^{(3)}$$ ,我们在 $$ \partial _x$$ 中有两个五阶方程的系统。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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