Abstract

Xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) are among the most important and destructive pests in forests, tree nurseries and plantations worldwide. Their cryptic lifestyle, fungal mutualism, inbreeding and broad host range have predisposed them to become remarkably successful invaders and colonize novel habitats across the world. The black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), is native to East Asia, but now established in North America and Europe. It is an economically significant invasive pest in North American nurseries and orchards, and European forests. Managing and preventing the spread of exotic species such as X. germanus requires an understanding of invasion pathways and mechanisms associated with their source populations. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial gene COI and nuclear gene ArgK from six native and 24 non-native X. germanus populations to identify their origins. The genetic structure of X. germanus in non-native habitats is highly uniform and points to introductions from Honshu and/or Hokkaido, Japan. However, different haplotypes of the inferred Japanese source lineage, which dominate in North America and Europe today, together with temporal incidence of records of X. germanus indicate that these continents were invaded independently. While European populations were probably introduced only once prior to 1951, the genetic pattern of North American populations suggests that X. germanus was introduced several times.

中文翻译：

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欧洲和北美的一种入侵性害虫安布罗氏甲虫非原生木耳的起源

摘要

木犀草碱甲虫（鞘翅目：Scolytinae：木犀草属）是全世界森林，树木苗圃和人工林中最重要和最具破坏力的害虫之一。他们神秘的生活方式，真菌的共生关系，近交和广泛的寄主范围使他们成为非常成功的侵略者，并在世界各地定居新颖的栖息地。黑色木皮甲虫Xylosandrus germanus（Blandford）原产于东亚，但现已在北美和欧洲建立。它是北美苗圃和果园以及欧洲森林中具有重要经济意义的入侵害虫。管理和防止外来物种（例如德国十指）的传播需要了解与来源种群相关的入侵途径和机制。在这项研究中，我们测序的线粒体基因COI和核基因ArgK从6个原生和24个非本地X. germanus的人群，以确定它们的起源。非本地生境中的德国小球藻的遗传结构是高度统一的，并指出了从日本本州和/或北海道引入的物种。然而，推断的日文来源谱系的不同单倍型（今天在北美和欧洲占主导地位）以及德国X.记录的暂时发生率表明这些大陆是独立入侵的。虽然欧洲种群可能在1951年之前才被引入过一次，但北美种群的遗传模式表明，德国雪松被引入了几次。