Sinkholes are a common geological hazard around the world. However, it is difficult to carry out the associated indoor simulation experiments because of the complicated factors involved. Our previous research showed that sinkholes in the aerated zone caused by soil disintegration exhibit accurate critical conditions. Therefore, the kind of sinkhole formation is simulated in the paper. Before the simulate experiment, the critical value of the disintegration of clay samples is tested, which helps to control the simulation conditions. With a designed simulation apparatus, soil disintegration was conducted 70 times from October 23, 2017, to June 1, 2018, and a sinkhole formed. This experiment results indicate two developmental laws of sinkholes forming in the aerated zone. One is the forming process which has three stages, soil-void formation, soil-void expansion, and roof collapse. Second is that the two conditions water content is less than the critical value and contact between water and soil, causing the sinkhole formation. At the forming, two conditions are clear, and can easily be monitored by the associated factors in the field where sinkholes have occurred or are about to occur. According to the principle, another simulation experiment was carried out. As a result, an advanced prediction of a sinkhole is achieved in the aerated zone.

污水池是世界范围内常见的地质灾害。但是，由于涉及复杂的因素，因此难以进行相关的室内模拟实验。我们以前的研究表明，由土壤崩解引起的充气区的塌陷具有精确的临界条件。因此，本文模拟了塌陷形成的类型。在模拟实验之前，先测试了粘土样品崩解的临界值，这有助于控制模拟条件。使用设计的模拟仪器，从2017年10月23日到2018年6月1日进行了70次土壤崩解，并形成了一个坑洞。该实验结果表明在曝气区形成的沉陷的两个发展规律。一种是形成过程，该过程分为三个阶段：空洞形成，空洞膨胀，屋顶塌陷。其次是两个条件下的含水量均小于临界值，且水与土壤接触，导致了下沉孔的形成。在成形过程中，两个条件是明确的，并且可以通过已发生或将要发生塌陷的现场中的相关因素轻松监控。根据原理，进行了另一个仿真实验。结果，在充气区域中实现了对沉孔的高级预测。根据原理，进行了另一个仿真实验。结果，在充气区域中实现了对沉孔的高级预测。根据原理，进行了另一个仿真实验。结果，在充气区域中实现了对沉孔的高级预测。