Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm diameter secreted by almost all cells. In recent years, with continuous deeper understanding of exosomes physiological functions, different reports have proven that exosomes can facilitate cell-to-cell communication by binding to target cells and transferring their contents, together with RNAs, DNAs, proteins, and lipids between cells and tissues. With advantages that exosomes can be involved in various types of physiological processes, such as blood coagulation, cellular homeostasis, inflammation, immune surveillance, stem cell differentiation, neuroprotection, and tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. Exosomes have been demonstrated that they can be applied in identification and treatment of multiple disorders such as cancers, cerebral ischemia, and respiratory infectious diseases. Importantly, researchers utilize application of exosomes in the treatment of various respiratory infectious diseases that have made some breakthrough progress. However, with the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we have focused on applications of exosomes in respiratory infectious diseases and their serious complications, including influenza, TB, ARDS and sepsis. In this review, we explain the use of exosomes in various respiratory infectious diseases and their serious complications, and hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of new coronavirus infections.

中文翻译：

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外泌体：在呼吸道传染病中的应用及2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的前景。

外泌体是几乎所有细胞分泌的直径为30-150 nm的小细胞外囊泡。近年来，随着对外泌体生理功能的不断深入了解，不同的报道证明外泌体可以通过与靶细胞结合并转移其内容以及RNA，DNA，蛋白质和脂质在细胞之间的结合而促进细胞间的通讯。组织。优势是外泌体可以参与各种类型的生理过程，例如血液凝固，细胞稳态，炎症，免疫监视，干细胞分化，神经保护以及组织再生和血管生成。已证明外泌体可用于鉴定和治疗多种疾病，例如癌症，脑缺血和呼吸道传染病。重要的是，研究人员利用外来体在各种呼吸道传染病的治疗中取得了一些突破性进展。但是，随着2019年全球冠状病毒疾病大流行（COVID-19），我们将重点放在外来体在呼吸道传染病及其严重并发症（包括流感，结核病，ARDS和败血症）中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们解释了外泌体在各种呼吸道传染病中的使用及其严重的并发症，并希望为治疗新的冠状病毒感染提供新的思路。我们专注于外泌体在呼吸道传染病及其严重并发症（包括流感，结核病，ARDS和败血症）中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们解释了外泌体在各种呼吸道传染病中的使用及其严重的并发症，并希望为治疗新的冠状病毒感染提供新的思路。我们专注于外泌体在呼吸道传染病及其严重并发症（包括流感，结核病，ARDS和败血症）中的应用。在这篇综述中，我们解释了外泌体在各种呼吸道传染病中的使用及其严重的并发症，并希望为治疗新的冠状病毒感染提供新的思路。