Abstract. Acacia longifolia, a native legume from Australia, has been introduced in many European countries and elsewhere, thus becoming one of the most important global invasive species. In Europe, its flowering occurs in a period unsuitable for insect activity: nonetheless it is considered entomophilous. Floral traits of this species are puzzling: brightly coloured and scented as liked by insects, but with abundant staminate small-sized flowers and relatively small pollen grains, as it is common in anemophilous species. Invasion processes are especially favoured when reshaping local ecological networks, thus the interest in understanding pollination syndromes associated with invasive plant species that may facilitate invasiveness. Moreover, a striking difference exists between its massive flowering and relatively poor seed set. We introduced a novel approach: first, we consider the possibility that a part of the pollination success is carried on by wind and, second, we weighted the ethological perspective of the main pollinator. During the flowering season of A. longifolia (February–April 2016), we carried on exclusion experiments to detect the relative contribution of insects and wind. While the exclusion experiments corroborated the need for pollen vectors, we actually recorded a low abundance of insects. The honeybee, known pollinator of acacias, was relatively rare and not always productive in terms of successful visits. While wind contributed to seed set, focal observations confirmed that honeybees transfer pollen when visiting both the inflorescences to collect pollen and the extrafloral nectaries to collect nectar. The mixed pollination strategy of A. longifolia may then be the basis of its success in invading Portugal's windy coasts.

中文翻译：

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怎么这么多花？混合授粉策略促进葡萄牙入侵<i>长叶金合欢</i>有性繁殖的初步评估

摘要。长叶金合欢是一种来自澳大利亚的本土豆科植物，已被引入欧洲许多国家和其他地方，成为全球最重要的入侵物种之一。在欧洲，它的开花发生在不适合昆虫活动的时期：尽管如此，它仍被认为是昆虫类植物。该物种的花卉性状令人费解：昆虫喜欢的颜色鲜艳、气味芬芳，但具有丰富的雄蕊小花和相对较小的花粉粒，这在风虫物种中很常见。在重塑当地生态网络时，入侵过程尤其受到青睐，因此有兴趣了解与可能促进入侵的入侵植物物种相关的授粉综合征。此外，其大量开花和相对较差的种子结实之间存在显着差异。我们引入了一种新颖的方法：首先，我们考虑了部分传粉成功的可能性是通过风进行的，其次，我们对主要传粉者的行为学观点进行了加权。在 A. longifolia 的开花季节（2016 年 2 月至 4 月），我们进行了排除实验以检测昆虫和风的相对贡献。虽然排除实验证实了对花粉载体的需求，但我们实际上记录的昆虫数量很少。蜜蜂，已知的金合欢传粉者，相对稀有，并且在成功访问方面并不总是富有成效。虽然风有助于结实，但焦点观察证实蜜蜂在访问花序收集花粉和花外蜜腺收集花蜜时转移花粉。A. 混合授粉策略