Translocation is the establishment and augmentation of plant populations using ex situ material, and can reduce extinction risk. Historically, translocation has been considered to be high cost and high risk, but today, translocation is increasingly recognised as a necessary option for managing many threatened plant species. To examine the viability of translocation as a management action, we analysed the frequency of it being a recommended management action, its estimated cost over time, and its perceived likelihood of success as compared with other management actions. We did this using the 368 threatened plant species in the New South Wales state register of threatened species management strategies (the Saving our Species (SOS) database). Translocation was recommended as a management action for 30% of threatened plants (112 species), mostly in response to demographic threats (i.e. threats affecting species with small population sizes/restricted distributions, for example, environmental and demographic stochasticity or low genetic diversity). The estimated cost of translocation per species was similar to other common management actions. However, expert elicitation data (in the SoS database) indicated that translocation was less certain of a beneficial outcome, compared with almost all other management actions. Based on these findings, we create a decision framework, which uses the principles of extinction risk assessment to assist conservation managers in determining when translocation is most likely to be beneficial. We suggest that the use of translocation to mitigate the risk of extinction associated with small population sizes/restricted ranges is supported by the principles of extinction risk assessment. With a growing knowledge base, and costs comparable to other management actions, translocation is becoming an increasingly viable option for the conservation management of threatened plants, provided best practice guidelines are followed.

中文翻译：

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保护易地——管理受威胁植物物种的越来越可行的选择

易地是使用非原生境材料建立和增加植物种群，可以降低灭绝风险。从历史上看，易地被认为是高成本和高风险的，但今天，易地越来越被认为是管理许多受威胁植物物种的必要选择。为了检查易位作为管理行动的可行性，我们分析了它作为推荐管理行动的频率、随着时间的推移估计的成本以及与其他管理行动相比的成功可能性。我们使用新南威尔士州受威胁物种管理策略登记册（拯救我们的物种 (SOS) 数据库）中的 368 种受威胁植物物种来做到这一点。建议将易地作为 30% 受威胁植物（112 种）的管理行动，主要是为了应对人口威胁（即影响种群规模小/分布受限的物种的威胁，例如环境和人口随机性或低遗传多样性）。每个物种的易地估计成本与其他常见管理行动相似。然而，专家引出数据（在 SoS 数据库中）表明，与几乎所有其他管理行动相比，易位对有益结果的确定性较低。基于这些发现，我们创建了一个决策框架，该框架使用灭绝风险评估的原则来帮助保护管理者确定易地何时最可能有益。我们建议使用易位来减轻与小种群规模/限制范围相关的灭绝风险得到灭绝风险评估原则的支持。随着知识基础的不断增长，以及与其他管理行动相媲美的成本，只要遵循最佳实践指南，易地就成为受威胁植物保护管理越来越可行的选择。