The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of local implantation of a controlled delivery system of chitosan hydrogel loaded with selenium nanoparticles in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). For this purpose, 60 adult female rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. In all three groups, SCI was induced by aneurysm clamping at the level of thoracic vertebrae under inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane. In one group after spinal cord injury, chitosan hydrogels loaded with selenium nanoparticles (treatment group), and in the other group, only chitosan hydrogels (positive control group) were placed at the site of injury. In the last group (negative control), no material was placed in the injury site. Hematoxylin-eosin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining evaluated histological changes at the site of injury on days 3, 7, 21, and 28 after surgery. Evaluations show that hemorrhage and inflammation also have a marked decrease in inflammatory cells at different times in the treatment group. This decrease was also seen in the chitosan group but was less severe than in the treatment group. The formation of nerve fibers was also observed in the treatment group over time of injury. Immunohistochemical studies of damaged tissue showed higher expression of GFAP protein in the astrocytes of the treatment group than in the other two groups and the chitosan group compared with the negative control group. A controlled drug delivery system containing selenium nanoparticles seems to play a role in the protection of nerve cells through its anti-inflammatory effect.

本研究的目的是评估局部植入载有硒纳米颗粒的壳聚糖水凝胶控释系统对脊髓损伤 (SCI) 大鼠的神经保护作用。为此，将 60 只成年雌性大鼠随机分成三个相等的组。在所有三组中，在异氟醚吸入麻醉下通过在胸椎水平夹闭动脉瘤诱导 SCI。在脊髓损伤后的一组中，负载纳米硒的壳聚糖水凝胶（治疗组），而在另一组中，仅在损伤部位放置壳聚糖水凝胶（阳性对照组）。在最后一组（阴性对照）中，损伤部位没有放置任何材料。苏木精-伊红和胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 染色评估了手术后第 3、7、21 和 28 天损伤部位的组织学变化。评价显示，治疗组不同时间的出血和炎症也有炎性细胞明显减少。这种减少也见于壳聚糖组，但不如治疗组严重。随着损伤时间的推移，在治疗组中也观察到神经纤维的形成。损伤组织的免疫组化研究显示，治疗组星形胶质细胞GFAP蛋白表达高于其他两组，壳聚糖组与阴性对照组相比，GFAP蛋白表达量高于对照组。