Indwelling urinary catheterization is one of the major causes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in hospitalized patients worldwide. A catheter serves as a surface for the colonization and formation of biofilm by UTI-related pathogenic bacteria. To combat the biofilm formation on its surface, several strategies have already been employed such as coating it with antibiofilm and antimicrobial compounds. For instance, the application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offers a potential strategy for the treatment of biofilm formation on the surface of the urinary catheter due to its ability to kill the pathogenic bacteria. The killing of pathogenic bacteria by LAB occurs via the production of antimicrobial compounds such as lactic acid, bacteriocin, and hydrogen peroxide. LAB also displays a competitive exclusion mechanism to prevent the adhesion of pathogens on the surfaces. Hence, LAB has been extensively applied as a bacteriotherapy to combat infectious diseases. Several strategies have been employed to attach LAB to a surface, but its easy detachment during long time exposure becomes one of the drawbacks in its application. Here, we have proposed a novel strategy for its adhesion on the surface of the urinary catheter with the utilization of mannose-specific adhesin (Msa) protein in a way similar as uropathogenic bacteria interacts between Msa present on the tip of the type I fimbriae/pilus and the mannose moieties on the host epithelial cell surfaces. KEY POINTS: • Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common hospital-acquired infections, which is associated with the application of an indwelling urinary catheter. • Based on the competitive exclusions properties of LAB, attachment of the LAB on the catheter surface would be a promising approach to control the formation of pathogenic biofilm. • The strategy employed for the adhesion of LAB is via a covalent interaction of its mannose-specific adhesin (Msa) protein to the mannose residues grafted on the catheter surface.

中文翻译：

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控制病原体定植的策略：将乳酸菌嵌入导尿管表面。

留置导尿管是全世界住院患者尿路感染（UTI）的主要原因之一。导管充当UTI相关病原菌在生物膜上定居和形成生物膜的表面。为了对抗其表面上的生物膜形成，已经采用了几种策略，例如用抗生物膜和抗微生物化合物对其进行涂覆。例如，由于乳酸细菌（LAB）具有杀死病原细菌的能力，因此它的应用为治疗导尿管表面生物膜形成提供了一种潜在的策略。LAB杀死病原细菌的过程是通过产生抗菌化合物（例如乳酸，细菌素和过氧化氢）来进行的。LAB还展示了竞争性排斥机制，可防止病原体粘附在表面上。因此，LAB已被广泛用作细菌疗法来对抗传染病。已经采用了几种策略将LAB附着到表面上，但是在长时间暴露后其易于分离成为其应用的缺点之一。在这里，我们提出了一种新的策略，可以利用甘露糖特异性粘附素（Msa）蛋白以类似于尿路致病菌在I型菌毛尖端/ Msa尖端之间相互作用的方式，将其粘附在导尿管表面菌毛和宿主上皮细胞表面的甘露糖部分。要点：•尿路感染（UTI）是常见的医院获得性感染之一，这与留置导尿管的应用有关。•基于LAB的竞争排斥特性，将LAB附着在导管表面将是控制病原性生物膜形成的有前途的方法。•LAB粘附的策略是通过其甘露糖特异性粘附素（Msa）蛋白与导管表面移植的甘露糖残基的共价相互作用。