User embodiment is important for many virtual reality (VR) applications, for example, in the context of social interaction, therapy, training, or entertainment. However, there is no data-driven and validated instrument to empirically measure the perceptual aspects of embodiment, necessary to reliably evaluate this important phenomenon. To provide a method to assess components of virtual embodiment in a reliable and consistent fashion, we constructed a Virtual Embodiment Questionnaire (VEQ). We reviewed previous literature to identify applicable constructs and questionnaire items, and performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the data from three experiments ( $N=196$ ). The analysis confirmed three factors: (1) ownership of a virtual body, (2) agency over a virtual body, and (3) the perceived change in the body schema. A fourth study ( $N=22$ ) was conducted to confirm the reliability and validity of the scale, by investigating the impacts of latency and latency jitter present in the simulation. We present the proposed scale and study results and discuss resulting implications.

中文翻译：

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虚拟实施问卷调查表（VEQ）的构建。

用户实施例对于许多虚拟现实（VR）应用很重要，例如在社交互动，治疗，培训或娱乐的背景下。但是，没有数据驱动和经过验证的工具可以凭经验地测量实施例的感知方面，而对于可靠地评估这一重要现象则是必需的。为了提供一种以可靠且一致的方式评估虚拟实施例组件的方法，我们构建了虚拟实施例问卷（VEQ）。我们回顾了以前的文献以找出适用的结构和问卷项目，并对来自三个实验的数据进行了验证性因子分析（CFA）（ $ N = 196 $ ）。该分析确认了三个因素：（1）虚拟实体的所有权；（2）虚拟实体的代理权；以及（3）人体模式的感知变化。第四项研究（ $ N = 22 $ 通过调查模拟中存在的等待时间和等待时间抖动的影响，进行了）操作以确认量表的可靠性和有效性。我们提出了拟议的规模和研究结果，并讨论了所产生的影响。