Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors that plays a crucial role in the development of the nervous system while supporting the survival of existing neurons and instigating neurogenesis. Altered levels of BDNF, both in the circulation and in the central nervous system (CNS), have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs found in body fluids such as peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Several different miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Thus, they present as promising biomarkers and a novel treatment approach for CNS disorders. Currently, limited studies provide viable evidence of miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of BDNF. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the potential diagnostic and prognostic values of miRNAs affecting BDNF expression and its role as a CNS disorders and neurovascular disease biomarker. Moreover, a novel therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke targeting miRNAs associated with BDNF will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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脑源性神经营养因子与神经退行性疾病和缺血性中风中 MicroRNA 的关系。

脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 是生长因子神经营养蛋白家族的一员，在神经系统的发育中发挥着至关重要的作用，同时支持现有神经元的存活并促进神经发生。据报道，循环系统和中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中 BDNF 水平的改变与神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关，包括阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、帕金森病 (PD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS) ）、亨廷顿病（HD）、多发性硬化症（MS）和缺血性中风。MicroRNA (miRNA) 是一类存在于外周血和脑脊液等体液中的非编码 RNA。几种不同的 miRNA 及其靶基因被认为参与神经退行性和神经血管疾病的病理生理学。因此，它们是有前途的生物标志物和中枢神经系统疾病的新型治疗方法。目前，有限的研究提供了 miRNA 介导的 BDNF 转录后调控的可行证据。本综述的目的是对影响 BDNF 表达的 miRNA 的潜在诊断和预后价值及其作为 CNS 疾病和神经血管疾病生物标志物的作用的现有知识进行全面评估。此外，还将讨论针对与 BDNF 相关的 miRNA 的神经退行性疾病和缺血性中风的新治疗方法。