RNA is a versatile molecule that plays essential roles in living organisms, ranging from information transfer to sensing, enzymatic, structural functions, and regulation (1). High-throughput sequencingmethods continue to identify new noncodingRNA transcripts in cells, and their function (or lack of) remains an active topic of research.DesignedRNAs also play an increasingly important role in the fields of nucleic acid nanotechnology and synthetic biology, in which they are engineered for diagnostic aswell as therapeutic applications (2,3). Potential new therapies for COVID-19 involve targeting structural motifs in the folded RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 to impede its function (4), highlighting the need for modeling the structure of large RNA sequences. Recently, the RNA-Puzzles computational resource evaluation has been introduced (5) to assess different algorithms for blind de novo RNA structure prediction, an RNA equivalent of the long-running CASP-blind prediction experiment for protein folding software. It is an exciting time for RNA structure modeling, with new experimental data sets and new methods for RNA modeling being introduced. The increase in data has inspired novel modeling approaches and combinations of existing techniques. In partic-

中文翻译：

---

RNA建模的多尺度未来

RNA 是一种多功能分子，在生物体中发挥着重要作用，从信息传递到传感、酶促、结构功能和调节 (1)。高通量测序方法继续在细胞中鉴定新的非编码 RNA 转录物，其功能（或缺乏）仍然是一个活跃的研究课题。设计的 RNA 在核酸纳米技术和合成生物学领域也发挥着越来越重要的作用，其中它们是专为诊断和治疗应用而设计 (2,3)。COVID-19 的潜在新疗法涉及靶向 SARS-CoV-2 折叠 RNA 基因组中的结构基序以阻碍其功能 (4)，这凸显了对大 RNA 序列结构进行建模的必要性。最近，引入了 RNA-Puzzles 计算资源评估 (5) 以评估用于盲法从头 RNA 结构预测的不同算法，该算法相当于蛋白质折叠软件的长期运行 CASP 盲法预测实验的 RNA。现在是 RNA 结构建模的激动人心的时刻，新的实验数据集和 RNA 建模的新方法正在被引入。数据的增加激发了新的建模方法和现有技术的组合。特别是—— 数据的增加激发了新的建模方法和现有技术的组合。特别是—— 数据的增加激发了新的建模方法和现有技术的组合。特别是——