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The rise and fall of behaviorism: The narrative and the numbers.
History of Psychology ( IF 0.838 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1037/hop0000146
Michiel Braat 1 , Jan Engelen 2 , Ties van Gemert 1 , Sander Verhaegh 3
Affiliation  

The history of 20th-century American psychology is often depicted as a history of the rise and fall of behaviorism. Although historians disagree about the theoretical and social factors that have contributed to the development of experimental psychology, there is widespread consensus about the growing and (later) declining influence of behaviorism between approximately 1920 and 1970. Because such wide-scope claims about the development of American psychology are typically based on small and unrepresentative samples of historical data, however, the question arises to what extent the received view is justified. This article aims to answer this question in two ways. First, we use advanced scientometric tools (e.g., bibliometric mapping, cocitation analysis, and term co-occurrence analysis) to quantitatively analyze the metadata of 119,278 articles published in American journals between 1920 and 1970. We reconstruct the development and structure of American psychology using cocitation and co-occurrence networks and argue that the standard story needs reappraising. Second, we argue that the question whether behaviorism was the "dominant" school of American psychology is historically misleading to begin with. Using the results of our bibliometric analyses, we argue that questions about the development of American psychology deserve more fine-grained answers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

行为主义的兴衰:叙述和数字。

20世纪美国心理学的历史通常被描述为行为主义兴衰的历史。尽管历史学家对促成实验心理学发展的理论和社会因素持不同意见,但是对于行为主义的影响在大约1920年至1970年之间增长和(后来)下降存在着广泛的共识。美国心理学通常基于历史数据的少量且不具代表性的样本,但是,问题在于所接收的观点在多大程度上是合理的。本文旨在以两种方式回答这个问题。首先,我们使用先进的科学计量工具(例如,文献计量制图,引文分析和术语共现分析)来定量分析119的元数据,在1920年至1970年之间,有278篇文章在美国期刊上发表。我们使用引诱和共现网络重构了美国心理学的发展和结构,并认为标准故事需要重新评估。其次,我们认为,行为主义是否是美国心理学的“主要”学派,从一开始就具有误导性。使用我们的文献计量分析的结果,我们认为关于美国心理学发展的问题应该得到更详尽的答案。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。我们认为,行为主义是否是美国心理学的“主要”学派这个问题在历史上就具有误导性。使用我们的文献计量分析的结果,我们认为关于美国心理学发展的问题应该得到更细粒度的答案。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。我们认为,行为主义是否是美国心理学的“主要”学派这个问题在历史上就具有误导性。使用我们的文献计量分析的结果,我们认为关于美国心理学发展的问题应该得到更细粒度的答案。(PsycINFO数据库记录(c)2020 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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