This article investigates the differential impact of promoting added versus subtracted ingredients in products on consumer response. It proposes a new counterinferencing process that leads to a subtracted ingredient effect such that the promotion of a subtracted relative to an added ingredient results in a more favorable response. It also suggests that the regulatory orientation cued by the host product's category moderates this effect such that a match between the ingredient strategy and the host category characteristics improve the response. Last, it posits that the counterinferencing process results in a spillover effect which affects the evaluation of a competing product that does not deploy any ingredient-based strategy. The results from a series of studies provide evidence for the subtracted ingredient effect, the moderating role of the host product category, and the spillover effect on competing products. Based on these findings, the current research provides guidelines for selecting category-specific ingredient strategies, and raises a call for regulating not only added but also subtracted ingredients to prevent consumer deception from ingredient promotion on packaging and in advertising. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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调查添加与删除成分在反推论和偏好形成中的作用。

本文研究了在产品中推广添加和减少成分对消费者反应的不同影响。它提出了一种新的反推论过程，该过程会导致减法成分效应，从而相对于添加的成分促进减法会导致更有利的反应。它还表明，由宿主产品类别提示的监管方向会缓和这种影响，从而使成分策略和宿主类别特征之间的匹配提高响应。最后，它假定反推理过程会导致溢出效应，这会影响对未部署任何基于成分的策略的竞争产品的评估。一系列研究的结果为减成分效应提供了证据，主产品品类的调节作用，以及对竞品的溢出效应。基于这些发现，当前的研究为选择特定类别的成分策略提供了指导，并呼吁不仅要对添加的成分进行监管，还要对减少的成分进行监管，以防止消费者通过包装和广告中的成分促销欺骗消费者。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。