Fig mosaic disease (FMD) is a complex viral disease with which 12 viruses, including a confirmed causal agent, fig mosaic emaravirus (FMV), and three viroids are associated worldwide. FMD was first described in California in the early 1930s. Symptoms include foliar chlorosis, deformation, and mosaic patterns. FMD is disseminated by vegetative propagation, seed transmission, and vectors, including a mite, Aceria ficus. Management of the disease in fig orchards relies on scouting and elimination of infected trees. In this review, we focus on the distribution of the FMD-associated viruses and viroids by summarizing worldwide surveys and their genome structure. We also determined the full-length sequence of FMV and fig badnavirus 1 (FBV-1) isolates from Connecticut and compared the virus and viroid sequences from fig isolates. We suggest important areas of research including determining the potential synergistic effect of multiple viruses, elucidating the full-length genome sequence of each associated virus, and relating virus titer to phenotypic changes in Ficus carica.

无花果花叶病（FMD）是一种复杂的病毒性疾病，在世界范围内与12种病毒相关，包括已确认的病原体，无花果花叶Emaravirus（FMV）和三种类病毒。FMD最早是在1930年代初期在加利福尼亚描述的。症状包括叶萎黄，变形和镶嵌图案。FMD通过无性繁殖，种子传播和媒介物（包括螨，无花果榕）传播。处理无花果园中的疾病取决于侦查和消除受感染的树木。在这篇综述中，我们通过总结全球范围内的调查及其基因组结构，重点研究与FMD相关的病毒和类病毒的分布。我们还确定了来自康涅狄格州的FMV和无花果花叶病毒1（FBV-1）分离株的全长序列，并比较了来自无花果分离株的病毒和类病毒序列。我们建议重要的研究领域，包括确定多种病毒的潜在协同效应，阐明每种相关病毒的全长基因组序列，以及将病毒滴度与无花果的表型变化联系起来。