Since the 1920s, psychologists have sought to assess the sex- and gender-related attributes of men and women, including primarily aspects of personality and focusing on positive characteristics. In this paper, we introduce a new questionnaire for assessing gender-related attributes with a broader approach than provided by previous ones. Therefore, the questionnaire includes (a) not only personality traits but also cognitions and interests and (b) not only positive but also negative and neutral characteristics. Two independent datasets were acquired (Study 1: N = 1,466; Study 2: N = 471) for development and psychometric analyses. Factor analysis confirmed a hierarchical structure with two separate dimensions of masculinity and femininity overarching the multiple first-order domains of personality, cognition, and interests. Analyses of reliability and convergence with other gender identity and personality scales revealed sufficient values. The new instrument discriminated between the biological sexes and was related to the gender quotas in participants' occupations and social environments, thus providing evidence for criterion-related validity. Therefore, we propose the Gender-Related Attributes Survey (GERAS) as a useful tool for objectively assessing gender-related attributes across multiple facets in gender and sex-difference research.

中文翻译：

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多方面性别相关属性调查（GERAS）的心理测量属性。

自1920年代以来，心理学家一直试图评估男女的性别和与性别相关的属性，主要包括性格方面和关注积极特征。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新的问卷调查表，用于评估与性别相关的属性，采用的方法比以前的方法更广泛。因此，调查表不仅包括（a）人格特质，还包括认知和兴趣，以及（b）不仅具有积极性，还具有消极和中立的特征。获得了两个独立的数据集（研究1：N = 1,466；研究2：N = 471），用于发展和心理计量学分析。因子分析证实了具有男子气概和女性气质两个独立维度的层次结构，将人格，认知和兴趣的多个一阶域覆盖了。与其他性别认同和性格量表的信度和趋同性分析显示足够的价值。该新工具区分了生物性别，并且与参与者职业和社会环境中的性别配额有关，从而为与标准相关的有效性提供了证据。因此，我们提出了性别相关属性调查（GERAS），作为客观评估性别和性别差异研究中多个方面的性别相关属性的有用工具。